Class 3

Manners
Class objectives
• Reading, extracting vocabulary
• Using modals for obligation, necessity, prohebition and advice.
Warm-up
• Do you ask people to take off their shoes in your house? If yes, how
do you do it?
• Take off your shoes.
• Please, take off
• Could you take off your shoes…
• Can you take off your shoes
Bad manners?
1 VOCABULARY: phone language
Listen and match what you hear to the sentences.
A He's dialing a number. 7
B She's texting (messaging) a friend. 10
C He's just hung up. 1
D She's choosing a new ringtone. 6
E He's calling back. 9
F She's left a message on his voicemail. 5
G The line's engaged (busy). 3
H She's swiping through photos. 11
I His phone went off in the middle of a meeting. 2
J She needs to talk to a helpline, but they've put her on hold. 4
K He was cut off in the middle of a conversation. 8
Let’s talk
1 What phone network do you use? Are you happy with them?
2 Do you have a monthly contract, or are you 'pay as you go'?
3 Have you ever sent a text message to the wrong person?
4 Have you ever hung up on someone?
5 What do you do if you're put on hold for along time?
6 Do you make many calls, or do you prefer messaging?
7 Has your phone ever gone off at a bad moment, e.g. in the cinema or
at a concert?
Aria: tune
Despise: to look down
upon somebody
Protest (against): a
statement or action
expressing rejection.
Auditorium
Pre-Reading question
• Are there conflicts that may arise in the workplace?
• Why do they arise?
• What types are they?
Read for the main idea:
1- How many types of conflicts can arise in work place?
First read:
Match the following heading to the paragraphs:
Leadership Conflicts
Personality-Based Conflicts
Interdependence/Task-Based Conflicts
Work Style Conflicts
Creative Idea Conflict
Discrimination
Reading for details
1. How does the essay suggest conflicts in the workplace can lead to
positive outcomes?
2. What are some common causes of conflicts in the workplace, according
to the essay?
3. Can you provide an example of an interdependence/task-based conflict
as described in the essay?
4. How does the essay recommend resolving leadership conflicts in the
workplace?
5. Are the following statements True or False?
• According to the essay, all individuals have the same preferred work style
and approach to completing tasks.
• conflict during idea brainstorming can hinder the process and lead to a
less effective solution.
Work-place conflicts
No two people are the same, and when our different motivations,
processes, and goals clash, conflicts arise. Conflict isn’t always
something to fear, however, because out of conflict comes change.
When resolved properly, conflicts can lead to better ideas, better
understanding, and better working relationships. Through considerate
conflict resolution in the workplace, companies and their employees
can improve themselves.
So many conflicts in life are caused by a lack of or poor communication,
and the workplace is no different. Misunderstandings, closed-
mindedness, and passive-aggressive behavior all contribute to the
following workplace conflicts.
1. …………………………………………….
These disagreements arise in situations when individuals in an interdependent project network
must coordinate their tasks so that everyone can successfully get their part done. For example,
an accountant can’t do their job without all the numbers. If an employee is constantly late with
their reports, it affects the accountant’s ability to finish up and make deadlines.
The solution? Delegate tasks effectively. Communicate with the team the importance of
responsibility and accountability. Clarify what everyone should be doing in their role so they’re
all on the same page when deadlines approach.
2. ………………………………………………………….
Everybody has a different leadership style, and everybody reacts differently to those leadership
styles. Some leaders are bold and charismatic, others are more laid-back, warm, and inviting.
Some are highly technical and strict on rules and deadlines, and others are so hands-off you
hardly see them.
To solve potential conflicts, you should emphasize mutual respect of differences throughout
the company. Also, leaders should be aware of their own leaderships styles and how they
interact with the work styles and personalities of people on their team. They should be able to
adjust and connect with their employees no matter their leadership preferences.
Again, we’re all different – it’s not something we can escape.
3. …………………………………………..
Just as there are different leadership styles, there are different work styles. Some people prefer to work in
groups while others do their best work alone. Some people need no extra direction to complete a task,
while others like external input and direction every step of the way. Some people get more work done
under pressure, and others like to knock their tasks out early.
The same idea of mutual respect and understanding applies here, as well as throughout all workplace
conflicts and any interaction involving other people. We may prefer a particular work style, but sometimes
in groups, teams must collaborate to come up with an idea greater than one mind could think up alone –
meaning they have to learn to deal with each other’s differences.

4. ……………………………………………………….
Say it with me again: We are all different. We’re not always going to like everyone we meet, and it’s not
easy to work with someone whose personality we find distasteful. It’s helpful to remember that who we
perceive someone to be is not necessarily who they actually are. This circles back to the theme of empathy
and understanding. Don’t let what you’ve seen define everything you’ll think about someone in the future.

It’s all about the story you tell. Imagine someone cuts you off on the highway. You’d probably be thinking
about how they’re a rude, brainless jerk. Now imagine you’re late for work or you’re taking your sick child
to the doctor, or that you have to go to the bathroom immediately and you end up cutting someone off
while driving. You know the justification behind your actions, but the person you cut off is sitting there
thinking you’re a rude, brainless jerk.
5. ……………………………………………..
This is where workplace conflict gets more serious, and where human resources might
have to get involved. If there’s harassment or discrimination going on due to age, race,
ethnicity, gender, or what have you, there’s a serious need for the company to
explicitly emphasize open-mindedness, acceptance, and understanding.
We can all learn to coexist.
6. …………………………………………..
Conflict when it comes to idea brainstorming is actually an excellent opportunity to
make the idea even better. Employees need to recognize the ideas of others, voice
their own, and then gather the best pieces together for a stunning solution.
If two individuals were disagreeing on a project idea, they could talk to each other and
cooperatively decide on one idea or the other. They could also look for compromise so
both ideas can shine through while producing an even better outcome spawning from
the collaboration. If needed, they could approach another colleague or a higher-up to
mediate the discussion or offer their opinion on the final decision.
We learn and grow through competition, when handled properly.
• Modals of Necessity, Prohibition, and Permission
• Must, have to and have got to convey the idea that something is strongly required or obligatory, often by law. Must is a true modal, so its
form never changes. Have to and have got to on the other hand, are phrasal modals which change forms to agree with their subjects. For
example:
• I must renew my passport before I go on vacation.
• I have to/ have got to renew my passport before I go on vacation.
• William has to/ has got to renew his passport before he goes on vacation.
• Must not and cannot (and their contracted forms mustn’t and can’t) convey the idea that something is not allowed or prohibited, often by
law. For example:
• You cannot drive in Canada without a valid driver’s license.
• Can is used to convey the idea that something is allowed at the time. Could is used to talk about something that was allowed in the past,
and will be able is used to talk about something that will be permitted in the future. For example:
• There’s plenty of room in the car. You can bring your friend with you.
• Several years ago, people could smoke in almost all public buildings in British Columbia,
• But now it is not allowed. For example:
• In the future, people will be able to travel vast distances through space as easily as we travel around the world today.
• Should conveys the idea that it would be wise to do something. In other words, it is a good idea to do it. For example:
• In order to get to the airport in time to catch our flight, we have to leave home at 7:00 in the morning. Therefore, everyone should go to
bed early tonight.
• Do/ does are used with have to and has/ have are used with have got to when forming questions. Must is not commonly used in American
English to form questions, nor is it used with do/does. For example:
• It’s still early. Do you have to leave so soon?
• She’s working hard. Has she got to finish the assignment tonight?
• It’s still early. Must we leave now?
Let’s test some knowledge
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/have-to-must-should/
• https://
wordwall.net/resource/3649098/teens-3quiz-modals-of-obligation-pr
ohibition-and-advice
Remember : Obligation modals are for
Present and future only
• I must go (now)
• I must go very soon (future)
• You should tell your parents (now)
• From now on, you should never lie (future)
Modals are for present and future. Must and should are modals so you can’t put them in the past
However, have to is not a modal
I have to go now.
I’ll have to go soon.
I had to leave early yesterday.
Other options:
In the present: I mustn’t leave my work before 2 pm.
In the past: I wasn’t allowed to leave my work before 2 pm.
In the negative form “don’t have to or did not have to” is weaker than must because it is not prohibition.
Homework
• What are your thoughts?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gf4FIt5DG4g