CLASS RULES

>Respect – Treat everyone with courtesy and

consideration.
> Engage actively in the learning process.
> Pay attention when someone is speaking or
presenting
> Minimize disruption by silencing phones.
> Raise your hand and wait to be acknowledged
EARTHQUAKE SAFETY

REMINDERS
MENDELIAN GENETICS
REVIEW
REVIEW
 REVIEW
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE
OF CROSSING OVER IN
MEIOSIS?
INSTRUCTION: Determine if the given trait is dominant or recessive,
state the possible genotype based on the given allele and phenotype
based from the given traits.
POSSIBLE GENOTYPE

TRAIT ALLELE DOMINANT/ HOMOZYGO HETEROZY PHENOTYP

RECESSIVE US GOUS E
Purple R Dominant RR Rr Purple
flower flower
White r Recessive rr ------------ White
flower flower
TALL A DOMINANT AA Aa TALL
Short a RECESSIVE aa ------- short
 TEDURAY TRIBE
GIVE SOME OBSERVABLE

REVIEW
TRAITS THAT INHERITED
FROM THE PARENTS

WHY DO
CHILDREN HAVE
DIFFERENT
APPEARANCES?
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON
• I CAN ARRANGE THE STEPS IN SOLVING THE PUNNETT

SQUARE.
• I CAN PREDICT PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC

EXPRESSION OF THE OFFSPRING USING THE PUNNETT

SQUARE
• I CAN ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE OUTCOME OF HE

PUNNETT SQUARE.
 B b
BB Bb
B
PURPLE FLOWER
B BB, Bb

Bb bb
b WHITE FLOWER
bb

ANSWER
Genotypic ratio: 1Homozygous dominant:2heterozygous:1 recessive
Phenotypic Ratio: 3 purple flowers: 1 white flower
 PUNNETT SQUARE
REGINALD PUNNETT

.
- Developed the Punnett
Square used to predict the
possible genotypes (genetic
combinations) of offspring
resulting from a cross
between two parent
organisms.
ACTIVITY 1
(BY GROUP)
.

ARRANGE THE STEPS IN

SOLVING THE PUNNETT
SQUARE from 1 t0 6
STEPS
1. Determine which allele of the identified trait is dominant and which is
recessive
2. Determine the parents' genotypes
.

3. Draw a box and divide it into four smaller squares to create a

2x2 grid. These squares represent the possible offspring.

4. Split the letters of the genotype for each parent and put them
outside the square. For parent one, place it along the top row and
parent 2 in the left column of the grid.
 STEPS
5. Simulate fertilization by combining one allele from the
top row with one from the left column.
.

6. Predict the outcome of the cross by interpreting

the Punnett square in terms of genotype,
phenotype, genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM

In mice, black fur (B) is dominant to

white. fur (b). A heterozygous black
mouse (Bb) is crossed with a
homozygous white mouse (bb). What
are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios
of their offspring?
Step 1. Determine which allele of
the identified trait is dominant
and which is recessive

DOMINANT- (B) BLACK

.

FUR
RECESSIVE- (b) WHITE
FUR
2. Determine the parents'
genotypes and write down
cross or mating.

Parent. 1- Bb ( heterozygous
black)

Parent 2- bb (homozygous
white mouse)
Bb x bb
 3. Draw a box and divide it into four smaller squares to create a
2x2 grid. These squares represent the possible offspring.

4. Split the letters of the B b

genotype for each parent
.
and put them outside the b
square. For parent one,
place it along the top row
and parent 2 in the left
column of the grid.

b
5. Simulate fertilization by
.

combining one allele from the

top row with one from the left B b
column
.

b
Bb

Bb
b
5. Simulate fertilization by
.

combining one allele from the

top row with one from the left B b
column
. Bb
b bb

Bb bb

b
6. Predict the outcome of the cross by
interpreting the Punnett square in terms of
genotype, phenotype, genotypic ratio and
phenotypic ratio.

GENOTYPES:. Bb, bb
Phenotypes: black fur, white fur
Genotypic Ratio: 2 Bb :2bb
2 Heterozygous dominant : 2 Homozygous
recessive
Phenotypic Ratio: 2 black fur : 2 white fur
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
DRILL #1

In sweet peas, purple flowers (P) are dominant to

white
. flowers (p). Two heterozygous purple-

flowered sweet pea plants (Pp) are crossed?

Identify the genotype, phenotype, genotypic &
phenotypic ratios of the offspring.
 P p

P Pp
PP

Pp GENOTYPES: PP, Pp, pp

pp Phenotypes: purple flowers, white flowers
p Genotypic Ratio: 1 PP : 2 Pp: 1pp
1 Homozygous dominant : 2 Heterozygpus
Dominant : 1 Homozygous recessive
Phenotypic Ratio: 3 purple flowers: 1 white
flowers
 GENOTYPES: PP, Pp, pp
Phenotypes: purple flowers, white flowers

Genotypic Ratio: 1 PP: 2 Pp: 1pp

1 Homozygous dominant: 2 Heterozygous
.
Dominant: 1 Homozygous recessive

Phenotypic Ratio: 3 purple flowers: 1 white

flowers
.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
DRILL #2
SHOW YOUR PUNNETT SQUARE

A heterozygous black-furred rabbit (Bb) is crossed with a

.
homozygous white-furred rabbit (bb), write the genotypes,
phenotypes, phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratio

Question
1. What percentage of the offspring will be black-furred?
2. What percentage of the offspring will be white-furred?
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
DRILL #2 B b

b Bb bb
.

1.50 % OF THE OFFSPRING

WILL BE BLACK FURRED (Bb)
2.50% OF THE OFFSPRING b Bb bb
WILL BE WHITE –FURRED
(bb)
 GROUP ACTIVITY

INSTRUCTION:
.
ANSWER THE PROBLEM AND ILLUSTRATE THE
PUNNETT SQUARE TO PREDICT THE POSSIBLE OFFSPRING
.
 GROUP 1,2, AND 3

In cats, the short-haired cat (R) is dominant over the long-haired cat (r)
(University of California n.d.) (Hartwell 2016). A male heterozygous short-
haired cat is crossed with a female homozygous long-haired cat. Show the
possible outcome
. of the cross.

Guide Questions:

1. Based on the Punnett square, how many offspring may be short-haired? Long
haired?

2. Will there be a pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring in the cross?

Justify your answer.
 GROUP 4,5, AND 6

In sunflowers, the allele for tall height (T) is dominant

over the allele for short height (t). A tall-height
sunflower (TT) is crossed with a short-heighted
.
sunflower (tt).

Guide Questions:
1. Based on the Punnett square, how many offspring
may be tall-heighted? Short-heighted?
2. Will there be a purebred (homozygous) short-heighted
offspring in the cross? Justify your answer.
.
PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT
.
.
Why is heredity
important to
living organisms?
How does
heredity affect
your life?
How would you relate the
concept of Punnett squares
to your family?
EXAMPLES OF DISEASES THAT LINKS TO
HEREDITY CANCERS THAT CAN BE PASSED
DOWN FROM ONE FAMILY
MEMBERS TO THE ANOTHER
THROUGH GENES

> BRCA1 AND BRCA 2 ( BREAST

CANCER, OVARIAN CANCER PROSTATE
CANCER)

SOURCE: YALAMEDICINE.ORG
EXAMPLES OF DISEASES THAT LINKS TO
HEREDITY
Discuss the steps of
predicting the possible
offspring using the
Punnett square
Instruction: Answer the problem given. Illustrate the Punnett square
and predict the offspring’s genotypes and phenotypes

Anna and Tom are planning to have a child. Anna has brown hair (a
dominant trait, represented by the allele B) and is heterozygous (Bb).
Tom has blond hair (a recessive trait, represented by the allele b).

Using a Punnett square, predict the potential hair color of their

child. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes, and what is
the probability of each?"