BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE,

PROCEDURES AND METHODS.

 M E M B E R S

Jhoz Khrystal Faith

Ledda
John Karl Hallegado
Donna Grace
Kert Lourince
Uluan Jazmin
BaruaGrace
Zairus John
Delima Jacob Sian
Dipolog
Lila lan
Jeremy Mejia
Petisme
BIOLOGICAL
TECHNIQUES
Biological techniques are methods or procedures
that are used to study living things. They include
experimental and computational methods,
approaches, protocols and tools for biological
research.
BIOLOGICAL
TECHNIQUES
Biological techniques encompass DNA
sequencing, PCR, microscopy, cell culture,
Western blotting, and molecular biology methods
for studying genetics, protein expression, and cell
function.
 PARTS OF BIOLOGICAL
TECHNIQUES

•DNA Sequencing
•Polymerase Chain Reaction
•Microscopy
•Cell Culture
•Western Blotting
•Moleculary Biological Techniques

-
DNA SEQUENCING

Purpose: Determines the order of nucleotides

in a DNA molecule.
Technique: Sanger sequencing and next-
generation sequencing methods are
commonly used.
POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION

Purpose: Amplifies a specific DNA segment,

making it easier to analyze or manipulate.
Technique: Involves cycles of denaturation,
annealing, and extension using a DNA
polymerase enzyme.
MICROSCOPY

Purpose: Visualizing structures and processes

at the microscopic level.
Techniques: Light microscopy, electron
microscopy, and confocal microscopy are
common methods.
CELL CULTURE

Purpose: Growing and maintaining cells

outside their natural environment for research
purposes.
Technique: Involves providing cells with a
suitable environment in a controlled culture
dish.
WESTERN BLOTTING

Purpose: Detects and analyzes specific

proteins in a sample.
Technique: Separates proteins by gel
electrophoresis, transfers them to a
membrane, and then detects target proteins
using antibodies
MOLECULARY BIOLOGICAL
TECHNIQUES

Purpose: Manipulating DNA and RNA for

various analyses.
Techniques: Includes gene cloning, PCR,
DNA/RNA extraction, and genetic
engineering methods.
BIOLOGICAL
PROCEDURE
Biological procedures, vital for survival, include
discovering NSCLC biomarkers, comparing
astrocyte generation protocols, and analyzing
CLSPN's roles in cancer prognosis, immune
microenvironment, and drug resistance.
BIOLOGICAL
PROCEDURE
Biological procedures include metabolic, genetic,
and signaling processes, along with specialized
functions like cell division, immune responses,
and sensory perception, collectively contributing
to an organism's survival and adaptation.
EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL
PROCEDURES

•DNA Replication
•Protein Synthesis
•Cellular Respiration
•Mitosis
•Meiosis
•Photosynthesis
•Enzymes Catalysis
PROCEDURE

DNA Replication Protein Synthesis

The process by which DNA makes a The creation of proteins using
copy of itself during cell division. information encoded in DNA,
involving transcription and
translation.
PROCEDURE

Cellular Respiration Mitosis

The set of metabolic reactions that Cell division that produces two
convert nutrients into energy (ATP) identical daughter cells, essential for
in cells. growth and repair.
PROCEDURE
Meiosis
Cell division that produces gametes
(sperm and egg cells) with half the
chromosome number for sexual
reproduction.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants, algae,
and some bacteria convert light
energy into chemical energy in the
form of glucose.
ENZYME CATALYSIS

The acceleration of chemical reactions by

biological catalysts (enzymes) that regulate
various cellular processes.
BIOLOGICAL
METHODS
The term "biological method" describes
bioremediation, a method that uses microorganisms to
break down and metabolize chemicals in order to
improve the quality of the surrounding environment.
BIOLOGICAL
METHODS
The most basic step of Biological method is
experimentation. Biologists perform experiments to
see if hypotheses are true or not. The deductions
which are drawn from hypotheses are subjected to
rigorous testing.
 BIOLOGICAL
METHODS
Biological methods utilize living organisms or biological components for various
purposes, including agricultural, medical, biotechnology, and environmental science.
They utilize enzymes in industrial processes, microorganisms in wastewater treatment,
and genetic engineering to alter an organism's DNA. These methods utilize the natural
powers of biological systems for study, production, and problem-solving. Numerous
approaches can fall under this category, such as:
 BIOLOGICAL
METHODS
• MICROSCOPY
• MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUE
• CELL CULTURE
• GENETIC ENGINEERING
• IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
• BIOINFORMATICS
• FIELD STUDIES
• ECOLOGICAL METHODS
• NEUROSCIENCE TECHNIQUES
• PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS
METHODS
Molecular Biology
Microscopy Techniques
Studying microscopic biological
Manipulating DNA, RNA, and
structures using light or electron
proteins, including PCR, gel
microscopes.
electrophoresis, and DNA
sequencing.
METHODS
Genetic Engineering
Cell Culture
Growing and studying cells outside Modifying organisms' genetic
their natural environment for makeup for various purposes, such
experimental purposes. as creating GMOs or studying gene
function.
METHODS
Immunological Techniques
Studying the immune system using
methods like ELISA and Western
blotting.
Bioinformatics
Using computational methods to
analyze biological data, including
DNA sequences and genomic
information.
METHODS

Field Studies Ecological Methods

Researching living organisms in Studying interactions between
natural environments, collecting organisms and their environment,
observational data. including biodiversity assessments
and ecological modeling.
METHODS
Neuroscience Techniques
Investigating the nervous system
structure and function, including
electrophysiology and brain
imaging.
Pharmacological Methods
Assessing the effects of drugs on
living organisms, including in vitro
and in vivo studies.
 CONCLUSION
Biological techniques, procedures, and methods play a crucial role in advancing scientific
understanding and applications. They enable researchers to study living organisms, manipulate
genetic material, and explore complex biological processes. Continuous innovation in these
techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing or PCR for DNA amplification, has
significantly contributed to breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. As
technology evolves, the integration of diverse methods fosters a comprehensive approach to
unraveling the intricacies of life, paving the way for groundbreaking discoveries and practical
applications.
 THANK
YOU FOR LISTENING!