Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Edition
Eighth

Engineering Mechanics 100

Dynamics
Kinematics of Particles

Vector Mechanics for Engineers ( Dynamics )

By:
Ferdinand P. Beer and E. Russell Johnston, Jr.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

Contents
Introduction Sample Problem 11.5
Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocit Graphical Solution of Rectilinear-Motion
y & Acceleration Problems
Determination of the Motion of a Part Other Graphical Methods
icle
Curvilinear Motion: Position, Velocity &
Sample Problem 11.2
Acceleration
Sample Problem 11.3
Derivatives of Vector Functions
Uniform Rectilinear-Motion
Rectangular Components of Velocity and
Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear-M Acceleration
otion
Motion Relative to a Frame in Translation
Motion of Several Particles: Relative
Motion Tangential and Normal Components
Sample Problem 11.4 Radial and Transverse Components
Motion of Several Particles: Depend Sample Problem 11.10
ent Motion Sample Problem 11.12

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 - 4

 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 - 5

 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 - 6

 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

( 2-Dimension ( Normal- ( Radial-

X-Y Plane ) Tangential Plane ) Circumferential
Plane )
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration

• Particle moving along a straight line is said
to be in rectilinear motion.
• Position coordinate of a particle is defined
by positive or negative distance of particle
from a fixed origin on the line.
• The motion of a particle is known if the
position coordinate for particle is known for
every value of time t. Motion of the particle
may be expressed in the form of a function,
e.g.,
x  6t 2  t 3
or in the form of a graph x vs. t.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration

• Consider particle which occupies position
P at time t and P’ at t+Dt,
x
Average velocity 
t
x
Instantaneous velocity  v  lim
t 0 t
• Instantaneous velocity may be positive or
negative. Magnitude of velocity is referred
to as particle speed.
• From the definition of a derivative,
x dx
v  lim 
t 0 t dt
e.g., x  6t 2  t 3
dx
v  12t  3t 2
dt
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration

• Consider particle with velocity v at time t
and v’ at t+Dt,
v
Instantaneous acceleration  a  lim
t 0 t
• Instantaneous acceleration may be:
- positive: increasing positive velocity
or decreasing negative velocity
- negative: decreasing positive velocity
or increasing negative velocity.
• From the definition of a derivative,
v dv d 2 x
a  lim   2
t 0 t dt dt
e.g. v  12t  3t 2
dv
a  12  6t
dt
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration

• Consider particle with motion given by
x  6t 2  t 3
dx
v  12t  3t 2
dt

dv d 2 x
a   12  6t
dt dt 2

• at t = 0, x = 0, v = 0, a = 12 m/s2

• at t = 2 s, x = 16 m, v = vmax = 12 m/s, a = 0

• at t = 4 s, x = xmax = 32 m, v = 0, a = -12 m/s2

• at t = 6 s, x = 0, v = -36 m/s, a = 24 m/s2

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Edition
Eighth

Determination of the Motion of a Particle

• Recall, motion of a particle is known if position is known for all time t.
• Typically, conditions of motion are specified by the type of acceleration
experienced by the particle. Determination of velocity and position requires
two successive integrations.
• Three classes of motion may be defined for:
- acceleration given as a function of time, a = f(t)
- acceleration given as a function of position, a = f(x)
- acceleration given as a function of velocity, a = f(v)

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