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ΔΙΚΤΥΑ ΛΑΔΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΟΗΘΗΤΙΚΑ ΜΗΧΑΝΗΜΑΤΑ
ΔΙΚΤΥΑ ΛΑΔΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΟΗΘΗΤΙΚΑ ΜΗΧΑΝΗΜΑΤΑ
ΒΟΗΘΗΤΙΚΑ
ΜΗΧΑΝΗΜΑΤΑ
Δρ. Γεώργιος Α. Λιβανός
Content of the course
Additives Improvement on
Additive carrier
75-85%
Base oils Blending principles
Base oils
Neutrals Base oils with different
viscosities are used
Bright stock to obtain the right
viscosity grade
Important properties
PROPERTY CHANGE IN IMPACT ON CONDEMNING LIMIT
PROPERTY ENGINE OPERATION (HFO OPERATION)
Water content High water content Deterioration of oil film max. 0.3 % V/V
Bearing damage
Fresh lubricating oil requirements for 4-s diesel engines
100
80 75 75
60
40
20 20
20
5 5
0
Viscosity Insolubles
1 Other Base Number Viscosity
2 Other
Though all analyzed used lubricating oil properties are indicating that
lubricating oil is suitable for further use, it may be that oil has partly
lost its capability to keep engine component surfaces clean
Movement
Oil in
Hydrodynamic lubrication Hydrostatic lubrication
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
BN, mg KOH/g
Oil film thickness
Function of Oil film thickness
Viscosity Speed Pressure
Temperature Pressure (Load)
Speed
Viscosity index
Low VI
High VI
120
110
TEMPERATURE (°C)
90
80
70
0 25 50 75 100 125
ENGINE LOAD (% )
Cylinder liner corrosion
Corrosive wear of cylinder liner due to operation
with too low BN level of used lubricating oil
Piston cooling gallery cleanliness
Limits:
200 Bigger Engines
- aver. 300 mm
150
- max. 400 mm
Smaller Engines
- aver. 200 mm
100
- max. 300 mm
50
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Deposit thickness
300 - 600 m
Fuel leakage
Heavy fuel leakage to lubricating oil causes
Increase of lubricating oil viscosity
Increase of bearing temperature
270
LUBRICATING OIL VISCOSITY [cSt @ 40 °C]
240
210
180
150
120
94 96 98 100 102 104 106
BIG END BEARING TEMPERATURE [°C]
Fuel leakage
Oil properties indicating the presence of fuel in lubricating oil
Decreased flash point (PMCC method better than COC method)
Increased viscosity on HFO operation
Decreased viscosity on LFO operation
Increase rate of insolubles higher than expected
BN depletion rate faster than expected
Difference in the contents n-pentane and n-toluene insolubles
Abnormally high vanadium & nickel contents on HFO operation
28 © Wärtsilä LO SYSTEM
TRAINING MATERIAL
Presentation name / Author,
DocumentID:
External systems: main engine
External systems: NO engine driven LO pump
External systems: System oil tank
Product info: Separators
DF Applications: No
SG Applications: No
Product info: Separators
• Separator
• Feed pump
• Heater (steam or el)
• Steam control valve
• Control system and el cabinet
• Water block
• Sludge tank
• Sludge pump
• Air connections
• Pipes and connections
Product info: Separators
Dirty oil in
Clean oil out
Separator working principle
Water out
Sludge out
to sludge tank
Components
Lubricating oil has to be cooled from normal operating temperature at full load (75-
80°C) to nominal inlet temperature (60-68°C, depending on engine type).
The cooling media is normally taken from the low temperature circuit (LT water).
Cooler can be built on engine or separate.
A 3-way thermostatic valve is handling the control of the LO temperature, mixing cold
oil from the cooler and warm oil from the engine.
Product info: Coolers