PRE - SUBMISSION ON:

Performance of different hybrids of okra under Prayagraj agro

climatic conditions

SUBMITTED TO : PRESENTED BY :
Dr. VIJAY BAHADUR ANJALI CHAUDHARY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ID – 21MSHVS118
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT M.SC. HORTICULTURE
DEPT. OF HORTICULTURE (VEGETABLE SCIENCE)
SHUATS , PRAYAGRAJ .
 STUDENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE :

Dr. VIRGINIA PAUL

Chairperson Professor
Department of food,nutrition and public health

DR. VIJAY BAHADUR

Associate Professor
Advisor
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Department of Horticulture, NAI

Dr. ANNJOE V JOSEPH

Co – Advisor Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture, NAI

Dr. SAMIR E TOPNO

Member 1 Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture, NAI

Dr. G.M LAL

Assistant Professor
Member 2
Department of genetics and plant breeding
 INTRODUCTION

• Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an exotic crop originated from sub-tropical Africa.

• Okra has a prominent place in fruit vegetables.

• It is originated from tropical Africa.

• Okra is herbaceous, annual and belong to the Malvaceae family and chromosome
number is 2n= 130.

• Vitamins, proteins, phosphorus and other mineral salts are available in plenty in okra.

• Okra is helpful for diabetes patients and iodine content is help controlling of
goiter disease.

• Up to 13-22% edible oil and 20-22% protein are found in its seeds. Oil is use
in cosmetics industry and stem are use in paper industry.

• Okra is a hot season crop and its plants are unable to tolerate frost.
INTRODUCTION

 30-32°C temperature is perfect for okra seed germination. It fails below 17°C.
Relatively dry and hot weather is required at the time of seed ripening. 6-6.8 pH
and clay loam or sandy soil is suitable for okra. Soil should be rich in organic
matter.
 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE RESEARCH
Okra is valuable vegetable crop ,faces challenges like low yield ,susceptibility to
diseases and inconstanat quality . To address these issues ,okra hybrids have emerged,
offering potential advantages like increases yield ,disease resistance, and improved
fruit characteistics.however continuously evaluating the performance of new hybrids
is crucial to ensure optimal selection for farmers.during in this research ,hisar unnat is
the variety which grow with high quality.
By systematically assessing the performance of various okra hybrids ,this research can
provide valuable insights and policymakers in selecting the most productive ,diseases-
resistant and high quality varities for sustainable okra cultivation .this ultimately
contributes to improved food production ,economic benefits and consumer
satisfaction.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

• To find out the most promising hybrid of okra in terms of

growth ,yield and quality
• To work out the economics of okra production using hybrids .
 LIST OF HYBRIDS
S. No. Hybrid Name Source

1. KASHI PRAGATI IIVR, VARANASI

2. KASHI KRANTI IIVR, VARANASI

3. KASHI LALIMA IIVR, VARANASI

4. KASHI CHAMAN IIVR, VARANASI

5. HISAR NAVEEN CCSHAU, HISAR

6. VARSHA UPHAR CCSHAU, HISAR

7. HISAR UNNAT CCSHAU, HISAR

8. NITYA MUGDHA NU GENES SEEDS

9. PUSA MAKHMALI IARI

10. PUSA SAWANI IARI

LAYOUT OF EXPERIMENTAL FIELD N

R₁ R₂ R3 W E

T0 T9 T3
SUB SUB S
T1 T8 T2
IRR IGATIO N IRR IGA TIO N
T2 CHANNEL T7 CHANNEL T1

T3 T6 T0

T4 T5 T6

T5 T0 T7

T6 T4 T8

T7 T3 T9

T8 T2 T4

T9 T1 T5
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Umraoet al. (2014) conducted experiment to assess genetic diversity of okra genotypes based on
11 traits using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The characters viz., plant height (cm), plant height up to
first fruiting node, number of branches/plant and weight per fruit (g) contributed maximum towards
genetic divergence and, therefore, selection of divergent parents based on these characters is
recommended for getting good hybrids or segregates in okra. The cluster VII genotypes were
Parbhani Kranti, Parbhani Tripti and Bio Aparajita were diverse from other clusters and also having
highest mean values for plant height (cm), plant height up to first fruiting node and weight per fruit
(g). The cluster II genotypes viz.; BO-22, BH-, IC-8899, IC-12930, IC-10256 and White Snow had
height mean values for number of branches/plant.

Thulasiramet al. (2017) evaluated thirty genotypes belonging to okra (Abelmoshusesculentus)

were utilized, to work out the correlation and path coefficient. The genotypic and phenotypic
correlation indicated that yield per plant was significantly associated with plant height, number of
leaves per plant, number of lobes per leaves, number of primary branches per plant, number of
nodes per plant and number of fruits.. Results obtains for path coefficient analysis at genotypic
level revealed that the character plant height showed positive direct effect on yield per plant.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is one of the important vegetable crops having better
dietary value with medicinal and industrial importance. Okra as a Valuable Vegetable of the World
105 Ratar. Povrt. 49 (2012) Ratar.
Guleria A, Singha A, Rana R (2016) Mechanical, Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradable Studies of
Okra Cellulosic Fiber Reinforced StarchBased Biocomposites. Advances in Polymer Technology 37(1):
104- 112.

Benelli V, Allen F, Wang M (2016) Variability in seed oil content and fatty acid composition, phenotypic
traits and self-incompatibility among selected Niger germplasm accessions.

Nader Amiry et al., (2017) carried out an experiment to study the effect of integrated nutrient management
on growth, yield and yield attributes of okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cv. Arka Anamika
under drip irrigation at College of Horticulture, UHS Campus, GKVK, Bengaluru. The results revealed that
the highest plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, number of nodes per plant, lowest number of days
taken first flowering, and days taken for 50% flowering were obtained with application of 50 % RDF + 25
% Nitrogen through vermicompost + 25% N through neem cake + Panchagavya + 5% cow urine at 30 and
40 days after seed sowing.

Patel et. al., (2019) reported that the effect of green marine algae Ulva lactuca was evaluated as Bio
fertilizer to improve growth of Corinderum sativum, Trigonella foenum graecum, Spinacia oleracea. Seeds
were treated with different concentration seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca such as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%
and control (without treatment). After 15, 30, 45 and 60 days relevance of green algae certain plant growth
parameter of root length, shoot length, seedling length, seed vigour index, seed stamina index and Bio-
chemical parameter of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein measured in a
plant material. Better result of seed vigour index and seed stamina index was showed in Corinderum
sativum and in Trigonella foenum graecum and Spinacia oleracea in treatment of 6% and 8% concentration
of seaweed extract, respectively.
Layek et. al., (2022) seed weed extract was apply on French bean, okra, and tomato for
two consecutive years. Except for 10% GA3 free sap treatment [T8, applied with 75%
recommended dose of nutrients (RDN)], other sea weed sap treatments supplied with
100% RDN. The growth (plant height in French bean, chlorophyll index in French bean
and tomato and primary branch/plant in tomato) and yield attributes (pod length, pod
weight/plant and stover yield in French bean; fruits/plant and fruit length in okra;
fruits/plant, weight/fruit and average diameter of fruit in tomato) of French bean, okra,
and tomato were enhanced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the application of seaweed extract
along with 100% RDN in general and T3: K sap @ 10%, T5: G sap @ 10% and T7: GA3
free Ksap @10% in particular. However, T8: GA3 free sap @10% + 75% RDN did not
gave promising results as compared to other sea weed sap traetments supplied with 100%
RDN. Floral and fruit set attributes of all the vegetables were also significantly (p ≤ 0.05)
influenced by foliar application of different sea weed saps. Ascorbic acid and lycopene in
tomato fruits were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved with the application of seaweed
extract. Overall, it was concluded that application of 10% K sap, G sap and GA3 free
Ksap along with 100% RDN can be recommended for increasing growth, yield and
quality in French bean, okra, and tomato in NEHR.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture

Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture,

Technology & Sciences, and PRAYAGRAJ (UP) during 2022-2023.

CLIMATE
Prayagraj is situated at an elevation of 78 meters above sea level at 25.87 North latitude

and 81.150 E longitudes . This region has a subtropical climate prevailing in the South-East

part of U.P. with both the extremes in temperature, i.e., the winter and the summer.

In cold winters, the temperature sometimes is as low as 2 0C in December – January and

very hot summer with temperature reaching up to 50 0C in the months of May and June.

During winter, frosts and during summer, hot scorching winds are also not uncommon.

The average rainfall is around 1013.4 (cm) with maximum concentration during July to

September months with occasional showers in winters.

Crop Okra
Botanical Name Abelmoschus esculentus. L
Variety 10
Design of Layout Randomized Block Design (RBD)
Number of Treatments 10
Number of Replications 3
Method of sowing Line sowing
Spacing 45x30
Row to Row 45cm
Plant to Plant 30cm
Number of rows 3
Number of plants per plot 6
Total number of plots 30
Plot size 1.5m x 1.5m = 2.25m2
Width of irrigation channel 50 cm
 OBSERVATIONS TO BE TAKEN
GROWTH PARAMETERS
QUALITY PARAMETERS
 Plant Height (cm)
 Vitamin c
 Leaf Area (cm)
 TSS
 Number of Branches per plant
 Number of leaves per plant ECONOMICS

YIELD PARAMETERS  Cost of cultivation (Rs)

 Gross return(Rs)
 Number of fruit per plant (cm)
 Cost ratio[rs/h]
 Length of pod (cm)
 Weight of pod (g)
 Weight of pod /plant(kg)
 Yield (kg ha-1)
 Days for first flowering
 Days for 50 percent flowering
 Days to first harvest.
 Plate- 1 Field Preparation Plate- 2 Tagging Of Treatments

Plate-3 Overview Of Experimental Field After Plate-4 Seed Sowing

Seed Sowing
 Table-1 Plant Height of Okra at 30, 60 , 90 DAS

TREATMENT 30 60 DAS 90 DAS

Maximum
KASHI PRAGATI 28.587 56.543 135.94
KASHI KRANTI 29.257 57.643 138.31
KASHI LALIMA 28.67 56.447 146.433
KASHI CHAMAN 28.427 55.68 142.51
HISAR NAVEEN 29.473 57.373 143.28
VARSHA UPHAR 29.533 56.447 145.33
HISAR UNNAT 30.597 58.477 159.367
NITYA MUGDHA 28.433 55.383 154.23
PUSA MAKHMALI 28.137 55.803 152.143
PUSA SAWANI 26.607 54.233 135.46

Minimum
F-Test S S S

0.20 0.18 0.18

S. Ed. ±
0.43 0.38 0.38
CD at 5%
0.87 0.40 0.37
CV
 Table 2- No. Of Branches

TREATMENT 30 DAS 60 DAS 90 DAS

H1
2.31 4.53 7.77
H2 2.23 5.73 5.477
H3 1.96 5.73 5.76
H4 2.79 4.67 9.33
H5 3.71 6.57 4.67
H6 3.96 5.67 7.47
H7 4.67 7.77 9.76
H8 3.34 4.53 4.77
H9 3.70 4.33 4.73
h10 1.39 3.45 4.73

F-Test S S S

S. Ed. ± 0.15 0.15 0.20

CD at 5% 0.31 0.31 0.42

CV 5.97 3.42 3.77

Maximum Minimum
 Table-5 Yield Parameters Of Okra

Average Number of Weight of Weight of

No. of Yield
Treatment pods /plant pods per pods/plant pods\plant
pods/Plant (t/ha.)
length(cm) plant (g) (kg)
Kashi pragati 13.67 8.63 13.67 142.34 1.15 11.23
Kashi kranti 14.77 8.73 14.77 155.28 1.87 11.35
Kashi lalima 14.65 9.73 14.65 165.18 1.37 12.68
Kashi chaman 15.5 9.45 15.5 161.36 1.23 12.55
Hisar Naveen 15.27 9.43 15.27 165.25 1.45 12.45
Varsha uphar 14.85 8.85 14.85 158.39 1.23 13.27
Hisar unnat 16.58 10.98 16.58 175.38 2.43 14.6
Nitya mugdha 13.85 9.75 13.85 166.21 2.03 12.52
Pusa makhmaliI 12.82 8.23 12.92 154.12 1.17 12.32
Pusa swani 11.88 7.55 11.88 154.25 1.03 11.52

F-Test S S S S S S
S. Ed. ± 0.67 0.45 0.27 9.07 0.08 0.67

CD at 5% 1.38 0.93 0.55 18.72 0.17 1.39

CV 5.14 5.32 2.81 5.90 5.90 5.90

Maximum Minimum
 Plate-5 Application Of Fertilizer Plate-6. Fruiting In Kashi Lalima

Plate-8 Harvested Fruits of Okra for

Plate-7 1ST Flowering & Fruiting of Okra analysis
treatments Number of No of No of
leaves/plant leaves/plant leaves /plant
30 das 60 das 90 das
Kashi pragati
19.22 19.233 19.217
Kashi kranti 18.14 18.17 18.15
Kashi lalima 17.67 17.56 17.62
Kashi chaman 17.31 17.30 17.31
Hisar Naveen 14.37 14.43 14.40
Varsha uphar 19.29 19.33 19.31
Hisar unnat 20.10 20.10 20.10
Nitya mugdha 14.52 14.49 14.51
Pusa makhmaliI 15.26 15.34 15.30
Pusa swani 12.14 12.16 12.15

F-Test s s s
S. Ed. ± 0.19 0.18 0.20
CD at 5% 0.40 0.37 0.41
CV 4.05 1.75 1.42
treatments Vit c Tss brix
Kashi pragati
0.6 3.4
Kashi kranti
0.5 3.8
Kashi lalima
0.6 3.2
Kashi chaman
0.7 3.9
Hisar Naveen
0.8 3.4
Varsha uphar
0.5 3.6
Hisar unnat
0.9 4.4
Nitya mugdha
0.7 3.2
Pusa makhmaliI
0.5 3.2
Pusa swani
0.5 3.07
F-Test S
S. Ed. ± 0.11
CD at 5% 0.22
CV 3.67
Plate-9 Field Visit By Advisor
Table- 6. Economics of various treatments in Okra crop
S.NO. Particulars Unit Qty. Rate/unit(Rs) Cost(Rs/ha)
1 Ploughing Hrs. 4 800 3200
2 Labour for field Labour 15 330 4950
preparation
3 Cost of seed Kg 3 4800 14400
4 Sowing Hrs 3 800 2400
5 Labour for labour 10 330 3300
fertilizer
application
6 Three weeding Labour 30 330 9900
7 Harvesting Labour 30 330 9900
8 Disease and Labour 3 330 990
pest control

9 Thinning Labour 3 330 990

10 Transportation 5000
11 Insecticide 1L. 1200 1200

TOTAL COST(Rs) 56230

 Days taken to 50% flowering and Days taken to
first picking in various hybrids of Okra

Days taken to
SNO Genotypes
50% flowering Days taken to first picking
KASHI PRAGATI
1 53.0 42.40
2 KASHI KRANTI 53.6 52.72
3 KASHI LALIMA 53.2 55.77
4 KASHI CHAMAN 53.4 57.27
5 HISAR NAVEEN 54.0 40.95
6 VARSHA UPHAR 53.2 49.30
7 HISAR UNNAT 51.8 47.15
8 NITYA MUGDHA 55.2 49.58
9 PUSA MAKHMALI 58.0 47.89
10 PUSA SAWANI 54.0 50.21
F test S S
CV 0.22
SE(d) ± 0.22 1.40
C.D. at 5% 0.46 2.87
Maximum

Followed By

Minimum
 Table- 8 Performance In Terms Of Economics- Cost Benefit Ratio
Total cost of sale rate Gross return Net Return
Symbol yield(t/ha) B:C Ratio
cultivation Rs/kg Rs/ha Rs/ha
KASHI
72523 13.33 20 266607 194084 3.68
PRAGATI
KASHI
86520 11.76 20 235130 148610 2.72
KRANTI
KASHI
76520 10.85 20 217056 140536 2.84
LALIMA
KASHI
68920 10.32 20 206429 137509 3.00
CHAMAN
HISAR
79520 14.43 20 288681 209161 3.63
NAVEEN
VARSHA
74520 13.78 20 275696 201176 3.70
UPHAR
HISAR UNNAT 70720 13.45 20 269010 198290 3.80
NITYA
76020 19.56 20 391229 315209 5.15
MUGDHA
PUSA
73520 17.86 20 357165 283645 4.86
MAKHMALI
PUSA SAWANI 71620 15.70 20 314088 242468 4.39

Maximum Minimum
Plate-10 Departmental display of Okra in SHUATS
 SUMMARY
 Examining Phenotypic expressions it has been observed than Maximum
Plant Height, No. of leaves, No. of branches and Leaf area (cm 2) was
found in h7 followed by h8,h9,h4,h5,h6,h1O and least was in the
h3,h2,h1.
 Number of fruits and Average weight was recorded maximum in h7
followed by h8,h9,h4,h5,h6,h1O and minimum h3,h2,h1 respectively.
 Maximum fruit length was recorded H7 followed By
h8,h9,h4,h5,h6,h10 and minimum in h3,h2,h1.
 SUMMARY

 Maximum average yield per plant(g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per
hectare (ton) was recorded in h7 followed by h8,h9,h4,h5,h6,h1O, and
minimum in h3,h2,h1 respectively.
 In terms of profit best result was in h7 followed by h8,h9,h4,h5,h6,h1O
and minimum in h3,h2,h1.
 CONCLUSION

From the present investigation it is concluded that among 10 genotypes of

okra , 3 genotypes namely; Hisar Unnat, Naveen Hisar and Arka
Anamika exhibited substantially higher fruit yield per plant and performed
better for other desirable traits. The analysis of variance for all characters of
Okra genotypes revealed presence of good extant of significant differences
among the genotypes for all traits. Henceforth, the data for all characters
that showed sufficient amount of significant differences were subjected to
further statistical analysis.
 REFERENCE

Alam, A. and Hossain, M.M. (2008). Variability of different growth contributing

parameters of some okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) accessions and their
interrelation effects on yield. J. Agric and Rural Development, 6(1/2): 25-35.

Anonymous, (2014). Area and Production data, Indian horticulture data base.
Government of India.

Ola Rajendra, David Arun Alfred, Singh Prabhoo and Baloda Satyapal S. 2018
Response of different levels of N P K and FYM on growth and yield of okra
(Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Var. Arka Anamika. International Journal of Chemical
Studies 2018; 6(5): 1098-1101
Thankyou