The

Nervous
System
 Nervous System
• The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and
cells that carry messages to and from the brain and
spinal cord to various parts of the body.
• It is considered as the body’s storage center of
information and also the body’s control system.
• It is mainly responsible for controlling and coordinating
all the organ systems by sending messages from the
brain through nerve signals.
• It makes sure that all the parts of the body are working
together efficiently
 Nervous System
• The nervous system or the neural system
is a complex network of neurons
specialized to carry messages.
• It controls and interprets all the activities
that happen within the body.
• It enables us to move, think, laugh, feel
pain, or enjoy the taste of food.
• Neurons are cells with the special ability
to carry signals or impulses. Thoughts,
emotions, learning, and many-body
functions are carried by nerve impulses
in the neurons.
• A nerve impulse is a combination of an
electrical charge and a chemical reaction.
• It is not a flow of electricity but an
electrochemical signal that is moving
along a neuron
It makes the body respond quickly to changes
in the environment by accomplishing the
three (3) basic functions, namely:
• Gathers information both from the outside
world and from inside the body
• Sends information to muscles, glands, and
organs so they can respond correctly
• Transmits information to the processing areas
in the brain and spinal cord and processes
information to determine the best response.
two parts of human
nervous system
 CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM (CNS)
 1. CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CNS)
•It is often called the central
processing unit of the body
•It controls intelligence, memory,
personality, emotion, speech, and
ability to feel and move.
It consists of two (2) main
components

a.Brain
b.Spinal Cord
 a. BRAIN
• It is an organ located within the skull that
functions as organizer and distributor of
information for the body.
• It is a complex organ that controls
thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor
skills, vision, breathing, temperature,
hunger and every process that regulates
our body.
PARTS OF A
BRAIN
1. CEREBRUM is the large, upper
part of the brain that controls
activity and thought.
2. CEREBELLUM is the part
under the cerebrum that
controls posture, balance,
and coordination.
3. BRAIN STEM connects the
brain to the spinal cord and
controls automatic functions
such as breathing, digestion,
heart rate, and blood
pressure.
 B. SPINAL
CORD
• The spinal cord is a cylindrical
bundle of nerve fibers and
associated tissues enclosed within
the spine and connect all parts of
the body to the brain.
• It serves as a channel for signal
between the brain and the majority
of the body parts, and controls
some simple musculoskeletal
reflexes even without the
processing of the brain.
 Peripheral
Nervous System
(PNS)
• It connects the central nervous system to the
organs and limbs
• It contains all the nerves in the body that are
found outside of the central nervous system.
• They include nerves of the hands, arms, feet,
legs, and trunk.
• They also include nerves of the scalp, neck, and
face.
• Nerves that send and receive messages to the
internal organs are also part of the peripheral
nervous system.
 Four (4) Primary Functions
of the PNS:
•Control autonomic body functions
•Control motor movements
•Digestion
•Relay sensory information to the
central nervous system
PNS two (2)
types of
nerve fibers
 AFFERENT NERVE
FIBERS
– These are responsible
for transmitting
messages from tissues
and organs to the CNS.
 Efferent nerve-fibers

– These are responsible for

conveying messages from
CNS to the corresponding
peripheral organ.
 Two (2)
Parts Of
PNS
a. Sensory
Division

b. Motor
Division
Sensory
Division
• It carries messages from sense organs and
internal organs to the central nervous
system.
• They include sight, hearing, balance,
touch, taste, and smell.
• It feeds information into your brain from
most of your senses.
• It carries signals that allow you to move your
muscles.
• Our sense organs recognize sensations, but
• For example, when you breathe in chemicals
given off by baking cookies, your nose does
not tell you that you are smelling cookies.
That’s your brain’s job.
• The sense organs send messages about
sights, smells, and other stimuli to the brain.
• The brain then reads the messages and tells
you what they mean.
• A certain area of the brain receives and
interprets information from each sense
organ.
MOTOR
DIVISIO
•It carries nerve
impulses/messages from
the central nervous
system to muscles and
internal organs
throughout the body.
two (2) main
DIVISIONS
of MOTOR
DIVISIONS
a. Somatic
Nervous
System
•It is associated with the voluntary
control of body movements.
•It controls body movements that are
under our control such as walking
•It is the neural system that controls
the voluntary actions in the body by
transmitting impulses from CNS to
skeletal muscle cells. It consists of the
somatic nerves.
•In other words, Somatic
Nervous System prepares the
body for situations that require
strength and heightened
awareness or situations that
arouse fear, anger, excitement
or embarrassment.
 TYPES OF Somatic
Nervous System

•Cranial Nerves
•Spinal Nerves
B. Autonomic
neural system
(ANS)
•It is associated with the
involuntary control of body
movements
•It controls involuntary
functions that the body does
on its own such as breathing
and digestion.
•It is involved in involuntary actions
like regulation of physiological
functions (digestion, respiration,
salivation, etc.).
•It is a self-regulating system which
conveys the impulses from the CNS
to the smooth muscles and
involuntary organs such as heart,
bladder and pupil.
 Two (2) types of autonomic
neural system
•Sympathetic Nervous
System
•Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Sympathetic Ne
rvous System
•It prepares the body for
violent actions against
abnormal conditions and is
generally stimulated by
adrenaline.
•This is also called the fight-or-
flight response.
•When action is needed, the
sympathetic system triggers a
response by accelerating heart
rate, increasing breathing rate,
boosting blood flow to muscles,
activating sweat secretion, and
dilating the pupils.
Parasympathetic Nerv
ous
System
• This helps maintain normal body functions
and restores the body to normal or relaxed
mode.
• Once a threat has passed, this system will
slow the heart rate, slow breathing, reduce
blood flow to muscles, and constrict the pupils.
• This allows the body to return to a normal
resting state.
• It also helps run life-sustaining processes, like
digestion, during times when you feel safe
and relaxed.