Summary Writing

Grade 10
Sub Topic: Omitting Examples, Redundancy, Repetition and Statistical
Data
Time: 1 Hour 40 Minutes
Date: October 11-15, 2021
 Specific Objectives
By the end of the lesson students should be able to:
 use strategies to consolidate critical information and details
into a fluid summary

 Understand why repetition, redundancies, examples and

statistical data should be deleted from summaries

 Eliminate all repetition, redundancies, examples and statistical

data to create a summary.
 Part A Part B
Explain the Phrases Explain the statements

● Crisis Situation ● Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day.
● Difficult Dilemma Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a
● Unexpected Surprise lifetime.
● ATM Machine
● Water, water everywhere, / Nor any drop to
● HTML Language
drink (The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)
● Invited Guests
● Written down
● Plan ahead ● The escaped prisoner was wanted dead or
● Unintentional Mistake alive.
● Longer in length
● New Innovations
● Whether in class, at work or at home,
 What is Repetition?
Repetition is the repeating of a word or phrase.
It is a common technique or rhetorical device used to
add emphasis and stress in writing and speech.
However, in summarizing the contents of a passage,
repetition may not be necessary in achieving
conciseness.
Repetition can be discerned in the restatement of
ideas through words, phrases and sentences.
 Omitting Repetitions

1.
Practice Exercises
 What is Redundancy?
Redundancy is when we use two or more
words together that mean the same thing, for
example, 'adequate enough’.
We also say something is redundant when a
modifier's meaning is contained in the word it
modifies, for example, 'merge together’.
 Why You Should Not Use
Redundant Phrases

When we write, we should try to be as clear and concise as we

can be. If we learn how to get a message across without adding
unnecessary words, readers are more likely to read what we
write.

Every word you use should add something new to your piece of
writing. When you use a redundant phrase, you are using two or
more words that mean the same thing. They add nothing new.
 Samples of Redundancy
Read the following sentence:
If we cooperate together, we will accomplish our goals.
To cooperate is to work together, so the underlined phrase is
redundant.
To make the sentence concise, write:
If we cooperate, we will accomplish our goals.
Make sure that you do not use synonyms to say the same thing
twice.
For example:
The soldier received a medal for his brave and courageous acts.
 Other Redundant Phrases
Redundant Phrases

circle around
added bonus
missing gap
close proximity
safe haven
revert back
each and every
advance warning
past history
free gift
descend down
sink down
usual custom
end result
unexpected surprise
Read the paragraphs below. Then rewrite each one to eliminate wordiness or
redundancy.

1. Globally, millions of people around the world suffer from and endure allergies.
Allergies can
have internal or external causes. Many allergies are minor and insignificant. However,
some
allergies have a tendency to be life-threatening and potentially deadly.

Hint Look for words and phrases that find different ways of saying the same thing.

2. Saafir was perplexed and puzzled by Tyra’s actions. He had given her a bracelet,
but she had
returned it back to him without an explanation. He knew from past experience that
Tyra could
be moody, but he kind of wished he knew what he had done wrong.
 Deleting Examples
Writers use examples to support their main points or ideas.
Explanatory or illustrative material can usually be omitted in a
summary, without changing the emphasis of the original information.
Omitting Examples Sample
 Omitting Statistical Data
1. Statistical data are used to support the writer’s main point or idea in a piece of writing. They may be
omitted in a summary.
1. Read the passage at least twice.
2. The first reading is for you to get an overall understanding of the extract's focus and the
other readings should allow you to identify the main idea and its supporting points.
3. As you read, pay attention to how the extract is organised. For example: Is the passage
aimed at presenting cause, effects and solutions associated with a specific topic? Since
the passage focuses on a general topic, what does each paragraph highlight about it?
4. Underline key sentences and make jottings as you work on identifying the main idea
and supporting details. You can make these jottings in the box that has been provided by
CXC.
5. Omit irrelevant details such as repetition/redundancies, statistics, examples, figures of
speech etc. Only the most relevant points of the extract should be in your summary.
6. Write a list of FIVE main points from the extract on the lines that have been provided in
your examination booklet. These main points should be paraphrased.
1. Combine the information in a single, coherently organised paragraph. This means you are
to ensure that you move from one point to the next smoothly using appropriate
transitions.
2. Please note that the summary you write should not be limited to the FIVE main points
you have listed. Use your own words as much as possible. This means no lifting! If you
use exact phrases or sentences from the original passage, you will lose marks.
3. Give the summary piece a title and write the number of words used in brackets at the end.
4. Do not go over the word limit as additional information will not be considered and will
affect your score.
5. Here is a trick to avoid exceeding the word limit: Estimate the number of words you write
per line on average and calculate how many lines you would need for 120 words. Count
the lines in your CXC booklet and mark an X. That X will signal to you if you are going
over the prescribed word limit.
6. PROOFREAD!
1. P1-Understanding Profile
2. Content- 5 Marks

3. P2-Expression Profile
4. Organization – 10
5. Mechanics – 10

6. Marks are awarded on the basis of information within the first

123 words
List of five main points:
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(5 marks)
Write your answer on the lines provided below.