Lesson 6

The Six Trigonometric

Ratios
 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

● correctly illustrate the six trigonometric ratios: sine,

cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent;

● accurately use trigonometric ratios in solving real-

life problems involving right triangles.
 Learn about It!

Trigonometry
2 a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships of the lengths and the
angles of triangles. Trigonometry comes from the Greek word trigonon, which
means “triangle,” and metron, which means “to measure.”
Warm Up!
 Warm Up!

ACUTE TRIANGLE
All angles are less than
90 degrees.
Warm Up!
 Warm Up!

OBTUSE TRIANGLE
Atleast one angle is greater
than 90 degrees.
Warm Up!
 Warm Up!

EQUILATERALTRIANGLE
All sides are equal
Warm Up!
 Warm Up!

RIGHT TRIANGLE
One angle is equal to 90⁰
 Guide Questions

● What is a right triangle?

● What are the parts of a right triangle?

 Learn about It!

Right Triangle
1 a triangle with one right angle or with one interior angle of

Example:

The illustration shows a right

triangle, with Greek letter theta, ,
as one of the acute angles.
 Learn about It!

3 Parts of a Right Triangle

• Hypotenuse - the longest side of the
triangle; it is always opposite to the right
angle
• Adjacent side - the side next to theta, θ,
but not the hypotenuse
• Opposite side - the opposite to theta, θ
 Learn about It!

Parts of a Right Triangle

3 • Hypotenuse - the longest side of the triangle; it is always opposite to the right
angle
• Adjacent side - the side next to theta, θ, but not the hypotenuse
• Opposite side - the opposite to theta, θ

Example:

The illustration shows the parts of a

right triangle.
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

46
• The Sine Ratio (also called the Sine
Function) - usually recalled as the SOH
acronym, which stands for sine-opposite-
hypotenuse. This implies that in a sine ratio,
we are only taking into account the
opposite side and the hypotenuse.
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

46 • The Sine Ratio (also called the Sine Function) - usually recalled as the SOH
acronym, which stands for sine-opposite- hypotenuse. This implies that in a sine
ratio, we are only taking into account the opposite side and the hypotenuse.

Example:
Using the given triangle, the
formula for sine function is written
as
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

47
• The Cosine Ratio (also called
the Cosine Function) - usually
recalled as the CAH acronym
which implies that cosine ratio
deals only with adjacent side and
the hypotenuse.
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

47 • The Cosine Ratio (also called the Cosine Function) - usually recalled as the
CAH acronym which implies that cosine ratio deals only with adjacent side and
the hypotenuse.

Example:
Using the given triangle, the
formula for cosine function is
written as
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

4
• The Tangent Ratio (also called
the Tangent Function) - usually
recalled as the TOA acronym,
which implies that the tangent
ratio uses the opposite and
adjacent sides.
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

4 • The Tangent Ratio (also called the Tangent Function) - usually recalled as the
TOA acronym, which implies that the tangent ratio uses the opposite and
adjacent sides.

Example:
Using the given triangle, the
formula for tangent function is
written as
 Learn about It!

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

4 • The Cotangent Ratio - the reciprocal of the tangent ratio
• The Secant Ratio - the reciprocal of the cosine tangent ratio
• The Cosecant Ratio - the reciprocal of the sine ratio

Example:
Using the given triangle,
 Try It!

Draw a Triangle DBA right angled at B with refence

angle A.

Label the triangle with its corresponding parts.

If a = 5, b = 12 and C = 13 find the 6 trigonometric

ratios
 Try It!

Example 2: Find the six trigonometric ratios of angle A using

the right triangle shown.
 Try It!

Example 1: Find the six trigonometric ratios of Triangle A

using the right triangle shown.

Solution:

For sine, cosine, and tangent, we use the definitions of the

said ratios.

To get the remaining three, we get the reciprocals of the first

three.
 Try It!

Solution:
 Let’s Practice!

Group Practice

PRESENTATION OF
OUTPUTS
 Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:

1. Determine the measure of angle in

degrees between the sides of the given
triangle.

2. Suppose one of the angles in a right

triangle is . Determine the length of the
sides of the triangle if the hypotenuse
measures 3 units.
Key Points

Right Triangle
1 a triangle with one right angle or with one interior angle of

Trigonometry
2 a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships of the lengths and the
angles of triangles. Trigonometry comes from the Greek word trigonon, which
means “triangle,” and metron, which means “to measure.”
Key Points

Parts of a Right Triangle

3 • Hypotenuse - the longest side of the triangle; it is always opposite to the right
angle
• Adjacent side - the side next to theta, θ, but not the hypotenuse
• Opposite side - the opposite to theta, θ
Key Points

7 The Six Trigonometric Ratios

4 • The Sine Ratio (also called the Sine Function) - usually recalled as the SOH
acronym, which implies that the sine ratio deals only with the opposite side and
the hypotenuse.
• The Cosine Ratio (also called the Cosine Function) - usually recalled as the
CAH acronym which implies that cosine ratio deals only with adjacent side and
the hypotenuse.
• The Tangent Ratio (also called the Tangent Function) - usually recalled as the
TOA acronym, which implies that the tangent ratio uses the opposite and
adjacent sides.
• The Cotangent Ratio - the reciprocal of the tangent ratio
• The Secant Ratio - the reciprocal of the cosine tangent ratio
• The Cosecant Ratio - the reciprocal of the sine ratio
Key Points

The Special Triangles

5 • The - - - an isosceles right triangle, whose two sides are equal.
• The - - - a right, scalene triangle whose ratios of hypotenuse, opposite, and
adjacent are.
 Synthesis

● What are the six trigonometric ratios?

● How do we use the six trigonometric ratios in our everyday

lives?

● What is an angle of elevation?