CHAPTER 1: THE COMPUTER, COMPUTER

SYSTEM,
NETWRORK AND TECHNOLOGY

A computer system is a collection of

interconnected devices that process, store,
and input data and information. At least one
optical processing unit is used in today's
computer system.
 TYPES OF SOFTWARE

A software comprises two major categories:

1.System Software

2. Application Software
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
The interface, or intermediary, is system software. It allows you to connect with
other devices as well as hardware.

Types of system software

1. Operating system (OS):

It is a system software kernel that must be installed first on a
computer in order for programs and computers to be
recognized and usable. -
2. Device Drivers:
Device drivers allow components and external add-ons to communicate with
one another and execute their intended functions. The operating system will be
unable to delegate any tasks without the pilot.

3. Firmware:
It is the organizational program that allows the operating system to recognize a
ROM, flash, or EPROM memory chip. It explicitly monitors and oversees all of
the operations of a single piece of hardware.

4.Programminglanguage translators:
There are intermediate programs that convert source code written in a
high-level language to computer code.
 5. Utilities:
It's designed to help with device diagnostics and repairs.Their
responsibilities could include anything from computer
protection to disk drive defragmentation.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

A computer program that performs a particular purpose,

whether educational,personal, or business related , is
known as application software.
 The application software includes:

1. Presentation Software:
Using graphic information, presentation software allows you to easily and
clearly present your views and ideas. It allows you to present data in the
form of slides. Html, photographs, diagrams, and videos will all be used to
make the slide more insightful and engaging.

2.Web Browsers:
This automated programs are used to search the Internet, allowing you to find
and download information from various sources. Google Chrome and Internet
Explorer are the most common.
 3. Multimedia Software:
You may use this to make or capture images, as well as
audio and video files. This program is widely used in the
fields of animation, graphics, image, and video editing. VLC
media player and Windows media player are two common
examples.

4. Education and Reference Software:

This application program, also known as academic
software, is designed to assist students in studying a
specific topic.
5.Graphics Software:
You may use graphics tools to modify or alter visual
data or photographs. It includestools for drawing and
editing pictures.

6.Spreadsheet software:
Calculations are done using spreadsheet tools. Data is
stored ina table formating this software. The
intersecting space, referred to as cells, is divided into
fields that includetext, date, time, and number.
 7. Database software:
A database is created and managed using database
software. It lets you structure your data and is also known
as a DBMS (Database Management System).

8. Word Processing Software:

It's used to create memos, emails, and records by
formatting and manipulating text. The text is often
formatted and beautified using word processing tools.
 THE FOUR (4) CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. Input - Components such as the keyboard and mouse that assist users
in entering data into the screen.
2. Processing - Within the device, components that transfer and process
data. This includes the motherboard, as well as the processor and
memory chips.
3. Output - Components that provide the production resultsto
consumers, such as a monitor and printer.
4. Storage - Components such as hard drives that hold software and
data before they are required.
THE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES USED TO INPUT DATA

1. Keyboard Entry -The keyboard allows the user to type details. The
keyboard transforms humanreadable data into electrical signals.
The system unit receives and processes these signals.

2. Pointing Devices -By accepting physical motions or expressions,

these provide a natural interaction with the device object.
3. Stylus- A stylus is a pen-like interface that is often used on
tablets and smartphones. Handwriting recognition software
interfaces with the device using a stylus; this software
converts notes into a format that the machine unit can read.

4. Scanning Devices - Translate scanned text and

photographs into a format that can be processed by the
machine unit.
TYPES OF SCANNING DEVICES

1. Optical Scanners - Scanners are another

name for these devices. These accept text
and/or image-based documents and
translate them to machine-readable
format.
2. Card Readers - These decode the data
stored on credit cards, debit cards, entry
cards, and other forms of identification.

3. Barcode Readers - Handheld wand

readers or platform scanners are the
machines in question.
 THE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES USED TO
PRODUCE AN OUTPUT

1.Monitors - Also known as display screens monitors display text and icons
in digital images. Soft copy is the term used to describe the performance of
a display.

2. Printers - These devices take the information that has been processed by
the system unit and print it out. The hard copy is the term used to describe
the recording of a printer.
3. Audio-Output Systems

- These devices convert audio data

from a computer into audible signals
that people can hear.
STORAGE

1. Primary Storage - Data and program instructions for data

processing are stored in primary storage. It also stores stored
data before it is output.

2. Secondary Storage - Which is long-term

storage that is used to keep programs and
records after the device has been switched
off.
OPTICAL DISK
Write once, read many (WORM) data is stored on disks using
lasers.

FLASH MEMORY
Moving mechanical parts are not needed for flash memory.
This gives flash devices an edge over standard disks in terms of
performance.

SOLID-STATE DRIVE (SSD)

SSD is built to enable businesses to use server-side flash
as asupplementor replacement for networked storage
arrays.
TAPE
Until the 1990s, tape was themost popular
backup storage medium, but magnetic disk
eventually moved it aside.
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