LOOKING

INSIDE AN
ATOM
 What is an element?
 An element is one type of atom with a specific
number of protons in its nucleus.
 What is an atom?
 It is the smallest unit of matter
 It consists of subatomic particles
Subatomic
particles
Electron
 In 1897, British Physicist Joseph John
Thomson performed several experiments
using Crookes tube. He noticed that the
mass of the cathode rays was over 1000
times lighter than that of the hydrogen
atom and their mass was the same despite
the source of the atom.
 He concluded that the cathodes were very
lightly charged particles called corpuscles
which later then became electrons.
Proton
 Eugene Goldstein a German scientist
discovered the existence of protons. In
1886 he conducted an experiment using a
modified cathode ray tube made from a
metal disk filled with holes.
 He not only observe the stream of
electrons but also the positive rays behind
the cathode.
Neutron
 In 1932, James
Chadwick discovered
the third major
subatomic particle the
neutron. This particle is
neither positively or
negatively charged.
Neutron
 In 1932, James Chadwick
discovered the third major
subatomic particle the
neutron. This particle is
neither positively or
negatively charged.
 It has a relative mass of
1.63 x 10^-24 g and is
slightly greater than that
of a proton.
 Properties of Subatomic Particles

Mass Relative
Particle Symbol Charge Mass (g)
to Proton
Electron e- -1 9.110 x 10-28 1/1837
Proton p+ +1 1.673 x 10 -24 1
Neutron n0 0 1.675 x 10-24 1
 Helium is the second simplest
atom. It has two protons in its
nucleus and two electrons
spinning around the nucleus.
Because the two protons in the
nucleus have the same charge on
them, they would tend to repel
each other
 Activity (1/2 Crosswise)
Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of
Symbol Name
Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons
14
O Oxygen 8 16 8 8 8
83 209
36 48
Ag
108
47
Assignment (1/2 Crosswise)
What are the importance of isotopes?