OBJECTIVES:

Lipids
Fatty Lipids
Trans Fat
Classification of Lipids:
1.Simple Lipids
- Steroids
2. Complex Lipids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Waxes
Good and Bad Cholesterol
 LIPIDS
 are biomolecules that are either produced by the
human body or obtained from diet.
 they are derived from dairy and poultry products,
grains, meats, and oils.
 they contain more carbon and hydrogen atoms than
oxygen atoms.
 they are insoluble in polar solvent such as water, but
they are soluble in nonpolar solvent.
FATTY ACIDS
 are carboxylic acid consisting
of a hydrocarbon chain.
 it consist of a long,
hydrophobic, non-polar
hydrocarbon “ TAIL “ and
hydrophilic, polar carboxylic
acid functional group at the “
HEAD “.
 it may be saturated or
unsaturated.
 FATTY ACIDS
 SATURATED FATTY ACIDS have
no carbon-carbon double bonds, and
have higher melting points than
unsaturated fatty acids.
 UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
contains one or more double bonds
in hydrocarbon chain.
 TRANS FATS
 also called as Trans-fatty Acids.
 are formed through an industrial process called
HYDROGENERATION
HYDROGENERATION
 is a chemical reaction between a hydrogen molecule and
another compound; which makes the oil more solid.
 complete hydrogeneration involves the addition of hydrogen
to convert the unsaturated fatty acids into a complete saturated
fatty acids
 when partial hydrogeneration occurs, the double bond
remains but the hydrogen atoms attach to the molecules
configuration: cis and trans
TRANS FATS
 the configuration of the atoms
influence the shape of the
fatty acids.
 TRANS FATS can be found
in many food products, and
are sometimes used to help
give the products a longer
shelf life, stability and better
texture.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
1. SIMPLE LIPIDS: STEROIDS
2. COMPLEX LIPIDS
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

SIMPLE LIPIDS:
STEROIDS
 have a backbone structure of
four fused carbon rings
 The best example of this is the
CHOLESTEROL.
CLASSIFICATION OF
LIPIDS
COMPLEX LIPIDS
 TRIGLYCERIDES or TRIACYGLCEROLS
• are the most abundant type of lipid found in plants and animals,
serving as energy storage forms.
• are fats that circulates in your blood.
 ESTERIFICATION
- is a reaction where an alcohol and an acid react to form an ester,
which is converted into water as a reaction product.
• we have solid and liquid triglycerides
• Solid triglycerides are usually found in animals called fats while the
liquid triglycerides are found in plants called oils.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
COMPLEX LIPIDS
 PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• made up glycerol, phosphate, a simple organic molecule and
two fatty acids
• building block of cellular membranes
• it has two distinct parts:
 Hydrophilic Phosphate Head
- it will dissolve in water
 Hydrophilic Phosphate Tail
- It repels water
CLASSIFICATION OF
LIPIDS
COMPLEX LIPIDS
 EXAMPLES OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS
 Lecithin
-use as an emulsifying agent
-can be obtained from egg, yolks, nuts, whole grains, and soybeans.
 Cephalin
-particularly in nervous tissues and blood platelets.
CLASSIFICATION OF
LIPIDS
COMPLEX LIPID
 WAXES
• are water insoluble, low melting solids that consists of a long-chain
fatty acid and a long chain monohydroxy alcohol.
• natural waxes are often mixture of esters of fatty acids and may
contain hydrocarbons.
• the presence of nonpolar hydrocarbon chain makes waxes insoluble
in water.
 GOOD AND BAD
CHOLESTEROL
 LIPOPROTEINS
-are cholesterol, carrying particles composed of proteins and lipids
that travel through the bloodstream.
-they become denser as the protein-to-lipids ratio increases.
-There are two types of LIPOPROTEINS.
1. HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS
2. LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS
 GOOD AND BAD
CHOLESTEROL
LIPOPROTEINS
 HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS ( HDL’s )
- are referred ta as “good” cholesterol because they
transport excess cholesterol from the body tissues to the
liver where it is converted into bile acids used for
digestion.
- HDL’s contain approximately 55% proteins and 45%
lipids.
 GOOD AND BAD
CHOLESTEROL
LIPOPROTEINS
 LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS ( LDL’s )
- are considered as “bad“ cholesterol because they
transport cholesterol away from the liver and throughout
the body.
- this cholesterol tends to accumulate and clog arteries,
causing hearts problems.
- LDL’s are made up of about 20% to 22% proteins and
78% to 80% lipids.
 TIPS TO LOWER LDL
CHOLESTEROL
 Avoid fatty foods
 Eat a healthy diet
 Move your body daily
 Don’t smoke
 Take prescription medicines
 Reduce stress
 GOOD AND BAD CHOLESTEROL

DISEASES FOOD THAT HIGH/

LOWER CHOLESTEROL
 GOOD AND BAD
CHOLESTEROL
 the recommended total cholesterol level for adults is lower
than 200 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL).

 to maintain a healthy body, LDL level should be less than100

mg/dL and HDL level should be greater than 400 mg/Dl.

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SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. FLOR G. DALOCANOG
SUBMITTED BY:
ELARCOSA EULOGIO
TIMON LUMACANG
BURLAZA DADOR
JALOP LANURIAS
MARZON
MORENO
MANGUATE
ESTAPIA