Science 10

Activity 2: Matchy Match

• Directions: Given the hormones in Column A, identify its
major action (Column B) and the gland (Column C) that
produces each hormone. Write the letter only. The first one
was done for you.
Activity 2: Matchy Match
03
MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
Objective:
• Describe the feedback mechanisms involved in regulating
processes in the female reproductive system (e.g., menstrual
cycle)
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is the monthly cycle of changes
that happens in the Female Reproductive system. It is
necessary for the production of eggs and the preparation of the
uterus for pregnancy.
Menstrual Cycle
Typically, the cycle is about 28 days long, although it
can be as short as 18 days or as long as 40 days. The menstrual
cycle often begins at puberty between the ages of 8 and 15; the
average age is 12 and usually two years after breasts and pubic
hair start to develop.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex
interaction of hormones FSH and LH produced by the anterior
pituitary gland and estrogen and progesterone produced by the
ovary.
Menstrual Cycle
There are four phases
of the menstrual cycle,
namely menstruation,
follicular, ovulation phase,
and luteal phase.
Menstrual Cycle

1. Menstruation Phase
• the time of bleeding, or the
period
• elimination of the internal
lining of the uterine wall
• caused by the low amount of
estrogen and progesterone
Menstrual Cycle

2. Follicular Phase
• the endometrium in the
uterus begins to thicken or
build up again
• several follicles start
maturing in the ovaries
Menstrual Cycle

3. Ovulation Phase
• the formation of a mature
egg cell by one of the
ovaries
Menstrual Cycle

4. Luteal Phase
• the uterus is ready to receive
a fertilized egg
• the follicle from which the
mature egg burst out
released a large quantity of
progesterone and some
estrogen
Menstrual Cycle
Some physical and psychological changes may occur
in the last phase of the cycle. These changes occur due to the
sudden drop in progesterone and estrogen. However, they
disappear a few days after menstruation once hormones are
back to their elevated levels.
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Breast tenderness and swelling
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Diarrhea or constipation
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Bloating and gas
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Headaches or backaches
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Cramps
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Fluid retention
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Fatigue and vertigo
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Physical changes:
• Acne
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Aggressive behavior and irritability
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Trouble sleeping (too much or too little)
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Difficulty concentrating & remembering
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Stress and anxiety
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Changes in appetite
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Reduced libido
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Mood swings
Menstrual Cycle: Changes in behavior during the process

Psychological changes:
• Depression or sadness