Understanding the

Structure and Function of

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell,

responsible for generating the majority of a cell's energy through the
process of aerobic respiration. This SECTION will provide an overview of
the key features and functions of these vital organelles.

by Ayu Ayu
The Endosymbiotic Theory of Mitochondrial
Origin
Prokaryotic Ancestor 1
Mitochondria are believed to have
originated from a free-living
prokaryotic organism that was 2 Symbiotic Relationship
engulfed by a primitive eukaryotic cell. Over time, this engulfed prokaryote
developed a mutually beneficial
symbiotic relationship with the host
Evolutionary Adaptation 3 eukaryotic cell.
Through evolutionary adaptations, the
engulfed prokaryote became an
integral organelle within the
eukaryotic cell, specializing in energy
production.
The Structural and Functional Components of
Mitochondria
Outer Membrane
The outer membrane of the
mitochondrion is permeable
to small molecules and ions,
allowing the exchange of
materials between the
mitochondrion and the
cytosol.
Inner Membrane
The inner membrane is highly
folded, forming cristae, and is
the site of the electron
transport chain and ATP
synthase, the key
components of oxidative
phosphorylation.
Matrix
The matrix is the fluid-filled
space within the inner
membrane, where the citric
acid cycle and other
metabolic processes take
place.