DIABETES MILITUS

(DM)
Oleh :
AJENG KURNIA SARI
(19002)
DICKY FATHORONY YAHYA
(19015)
INGKA YOLANDA SYAH
(19022)
 Apak
ah D
i t u ?? M

suatu penyakit atau gangguan metabolisme

kronis dengan multi etiologi yang ditandai
dengan tingginya kadar gula darah disertai
dengan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat,
lipid dan protein sebagai akibat insufisiensi
fungsi insulin
 TANDA DAN GEJALA DM
Gejala klinis
Gambaran Laboratorium
1. Gejala khas • Gula darah sewaktu ≥ 200 mg/dl.
• Banyak kencing (poliuria) • Gula darah puasa
• Banyak makan (poliphagia) (tidak ada masukan makanan/kalori
sejak 10 jam terakhir) > 126 mg/dl
• Banyak minum (polidipsia) • Glukosa plasma 2 jam > 180 mg/dl
2. Gejala lain
• Lemah, karena sel tidak
bekerja dengan baik
• Kulit mengering
• Penderita menjadi kurus,
karena banyak gula yang terbuang
JENIS – JENIS DM

1 DM tipe 1 Gestasional

2
DM TIPE 2

Pra-diabetes
 FAKTOR RESIKO DIABETES MELLITUS

Faktor resiko yang Faktor yang dapat

tidak dapat di modifikasi di modifikasi

 Obesitas
 Umur  Aktifisik yang kurang
 Jenis kelamin baik
 Hipertensi
 Bangsa dan etnik
 Stres
 Faktor keturunan  Pola makan
 Riwayat penderita  Penyakit pada pancreas
diabetes gestasional  Alkohol
Persebaran Epidemiologi

orang usia 45-64 tahun,

Distribusi
Waktu Pada tahun 2000, terdapat 2,9 juta
kematian akibat DM di dunia

Tempat India, Cina, Amerika ,Indonesia ,

dan Jepang.
 DM menjadi penyebab
Frekuensi kematian tertinggi pada
pasien rawat inap akibat
penyakit metabolik, yaitu
sebanyak 42.000 kasus
dengan 3.316 kematian
(CFR 7,9%).
 Genetik atau Faktor Keturunan Usia, Jenis
kelamin, Pola Makan dan Kegemukan
Host (Obesitas), Kurang Gerak Badan, Infeksi,

Determinan Pola atau kebiasaan buruk individu,

Agent Gangguan pankreas maupun resistiensi
insulin,

Kondisi sosial ekonomi yang

Envirotment
baik
 PENCEGAHAN
usaha memelihara dan mempertahankan kebiasaan
atau perilaku hidup yang sudah ada dalam
Primordial masyarakat yang dapat mencegah resiko terhadap
prevention penyakit dengan melestarikan perilaku atau
kebutuhan hidup sehat yang dapat mencegah atau
mengurangi tingkat resiko terhadap suatu penyakit
tertentu atau terhadap berbagai penyakit secara
umum
Mempertahankan perilaku makan sehari-hari
yang sehat dan seimbang dengan meningkatkan
konsumsi sayuran dan buah, membatasi
Primary prevention makanan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat
sederhana.
Mempertahankan berat badan normal sesuai
dengan umur dan tinggi badan. Melakukan
kegiatan jasmani yang cukup sesuai dengan
umur dan kemampuan.
 dimulai dengan mendeteksi dini pengidap
diabetes. Karena itu dianjurkan untuk pada
Secondary prevention setiap kesempatan, terutama untuk mereka
yang beresiko tinggi agar dilakukan
pemeriksaan penyaringan glukosa darah

perawatan dan pengobatan khusus pada

Tertiary prevention penderita diabetes mellitus, tekanan darah
tinggi, gangguan saraf serta mencegah
terjadinya cacat maupun kematian karena
penyebab tertentu, serta usaha rehabilitas
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