Mt.

Mayon
How volcanoes are
formed?
 SUBDUCTION
- forms when
continental
crust and
oceanic crust
collide.
 Divergent boundaries
- As the oceanic plates move
apart they produce cracks
in the ocean floor.

- Magma rises up from the

mantle and oozes out from
the cracks like a long, thin
undersea volcano.
 Hotspots
Areas where rising plumes
of hot mantle reach the
surface, usually at
locations far removed from
plate boundaries are called
hotspots.
WHY and how DO
volcanoes ERUPT?
❖ Volcanoes erupt because of density and pressure.
❖ The lower density of the magma relative to the surrounding
rocks causes it to rise.
❖ As the magma rises, bubbles start to form from the gas
dissolved in the magma.
❖ The gas bubbles exert tremendous
pressure. This pressure helps to
bring the magma to the surface and
forces it in the air, sometimes to
great heights.
 WHAT ARE THE
DIFFERENT VOLCANIC
PRODUCTS?
 Pyroclastic materials
- are pulverized
rock, lava, and
glass fragments
- vary in size
 A.ASH
Ash is a volcanic rock
which is exploded
from a vent in
fragments less than
2mm in size.
B. LAPILLI
- from 2 mm to
64 mm in
diameter.
C. BLOCKS
- hard fragments
greater than 64
mm in
diameter.
D. BOMBS
- soft, partially
melted
fragments
greater than 64
mm in diameter
 LAHAR
- are mudflows formed by the mixing of volcanic particles
and water.
 LAva
- Molten rock material that flows out of a volcano.
 VOLCANIC GASES
- water vapor (H2O)
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- sulfur dioxide (SO2)
- carbon dioxide (CO2)
- carbon monoxide (CO)
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
- Hydrogen fluoride (HF)