Five-Minute Check
Coordinate Axes
Then/Now
New Vocabulary
Key Concept: Linear and Polynomial
Parent Functions
Key Concept: Square Root and Recipr
ocal Parent Functions
Key Concept: Absolute Value
Parent Function
Key Concept: Greatest Integer
Parent Function
Example 1: Describe
Characteristics of a Parent
Function
Key Concept: Vertical and
Horizontal Translations
Example 2: Graph Translations
Key Concept: Reflections in the
Example 3: Write Equations for
Transformations
Key Concept: Vertical and
Horizontal Dilations
Example 4: Describe and Graph
Transformations
Example 5: Graph a Piecewise-
Defined Function
Example 6: Real-World Example:
Transformations of Functions
Key Concept: Transformations with
Absolute Value
Example 7: Describe and Graph
Transformations
Estimate and classify the extrema for f (x). Support
your answer numerically.
A. Relative minimum: (–1.5, –9.375); relative maximum: (1, 0)

B. Relative minimum: (–0.5, –4.5); relative maximum: (1, 0)

C. Relative minimum: (–1.5, –9.375); relative maximum: (0.5, 0)

D. Relative minimum: (–2, –9); relative maximum: (0.5, 0)

Estimate and classify the extrema for f (x). Support
your answers numerically.
A. Absolute minimum: (–2, –4)

B. Absolute minimum: (–2, –8)

C. Relative minimum: (–2, –4)

D. Absolute minimum: (–1, –4)

Find the average rate of change of
f (x) = 3x 3 – x 2 + 5x – 3 on the interval [–1, 2].

A.

B. 5

C.

D. 13
You analyzed graphs of functions. (Lessons 1-2
through 1-4)

• Identify, graph, and describe parent functions.

• Identify and graph transformations of parent
functions
• parent function • absolute value function
• constant function • step function
• zero function • greatest integer function
• identity function • transformation
• quadratic function • translation
• cubic function • reflection
• square root function • dilation
• reciprocal function
 Describe Characteristics of a Parent Function

Describe the following characteristics of the graph

of the parent function : domain, range,
intercepts, symmetry, continuity, end behavior,
and intervals on which the graph is
increasing/decreasing.
 Describe Characteristics of a Parent Function

The graph of the reciprocal

function shown in the graph has
the following characteristics.
The domain of the function is,
and the range
is .
The graph has no intercepts.
The graph is symmetric with
respect to the origin, so f (x) is
odd.
 Describe Characteristics of a Parent Function

The graph is continuous for all

values in its domain with an
infinite discontinuity at x = 0.
The end behavior is as

The graph is decreasing on the

interval and decreasing
on the interval .
 Describe Characteristics of a Parent Function

Answer: D and R: no intercepts.

The graph is symmetric about the origin, so
f (x) is odd. The graph is continuous for all
values in its domain with an infinite
discontinuity at x = 0.The end behavior is
as
The graph decreases on both intervals of
its domain.
Describe the following characteristics of the graph
of the parent function f (x) = x 2: domain, range,
intercepts, symmetry, continuity, end behavior,
and intervals on which the graph is
increasing/decreasing.
A. D: , R: ; y-intercept = (0, 0). The graph is symmetric with respect
to the y-axis. The graph is continuous everywhere. The end behavior is as
, and as , . The graph is decreasing on the
interval and increasing on the interval .

B. D: , R: ; y-intercept = (0, 0). The graph is symmetric with respect to

the y-axis. The graph is continuous everywhere. The end behavior is as
, . As , . The graph is decreasing on the
interval and increasing on the interval .

C. D: , R: ; y-intercept = (0, 0). The graph is symmetric with respect

to the y-axis. The graph is continuous everywhere. The end behavior is as
, . As , . The graph is decreasing on the interval
and increasing on the interval .

D. D: , R: ; no intercepts. The graph is symmetric with respect to the

y-axis. The graph is continuous everywhere. The end behavior is as
, . As , . The graph is decreasing on the interval
and increasing on the interval .
 Graph Translations

A. Use the graph of f (x) = x 3 to graph the function

g (x) = x 3 – 2.
This function is of the form g (x) = f (x) – 2. So, the
graph of g (x) is the graph of f (x) = x 3 translated 2 units
down, as shown below.
Answer:
 Graph Translations

B. Use the graph of f (x) = x 3 to graph the function

g (x) = (x – 1)3.
This function is of the form g (x) = f (x – 1) . So, g (x) is
the graph of f (x) = x 3 translated 1 unit right, as shown
below.
Answer:
 Graph Translations

C. Use the graph of f (x) = x 3 to graph the function

g (x) = (x – 1)3 – 2.
This function is of the form g (x) = f (x – 1) – 2. So,
g (x) is the graph of f (x) = x 3 translated 2 units down
and 1 unit right, as shown below.
Answer:
Use the graph of f (x) = x 2 to graph the function
g (x) = (x – 2)2 – 1.
A. C.

B. D.
 Write Equations for Transformations

A. Describe how the graphs of and g (x)

are related. Then write an equation for g (x).

The graph of g (x) is the graph of translated

1 unit up. So, .
Answer: The graph is translated 1 unit up;
 Write Equations for Transformations

B. Describe how the graphs of and g (x)

are related. Then write an equation for g (x).

The graph of g (x) is the graph of translated

1 unit to the left and reflected in the x-axis. So,
.
 Write Equations for Transformations

Answer: The graph is translated 1 unit to the left and

reflected in the x-axis;
Describe how the graphs of f (x) = x 3 and g (x) are
related. Then write an equation for g (x).

A. The graph is translated 3 units up; g (x) = x 3 + 3.

B. The graph is translated 3 units down; g (x) = x 3 – 3.
C. The graph is reflected in the x-axis; g (x) = –x 3.
D. The graph is translated 3 units down and reflected
in the x-axis; g (x) = –x 3 – 3.
 Describe and Graph Transformations

A. Identify the parent function f (x) of , and

describe how the graphs of g (x) and f (x) are
related. Then graph f (x) and g (x) on the same
axes.

The graph of g(x) is the same as the graph of the

reciprocal function expanded vertically

because and 1 < 3.

 Describe and Graph Transformations

Answer: ; g (x) is represented by the

expansion of f (x) vertically by a factor of 3.
 Describe and Graph Transformations

B. Identify the parent function f (x) of g (x) = –|4x|,

and describe how the graphs of g (x) and f (x)
are related. Then graph f (x) and g (x) on the same
axes.

The graph of g (x) is the same as the graph of the

absolute value function f (x) = |x| compressed
horizontally and then reflected in the x-axis because
g (x) = –4(|x|) = –|4x| = –f (4x), and 1 < 4.
 Describe and Graph Transformations

Answer: f (x) = |x| ; g (x) is represented by the

compression of f (x) horizontally by a factor
of 4 and reflection in the x-axis.
Identify the parent function f (x) of g (x) = – (0.5x)3,
and describe how the graphs of g (x) and f (x) are
related. Then graph f (x) and g (x) on the same axes.
A. f (x) = x 3; g(x) is C. f (x) = x 3; g(x) is
represented by represented by
the expansion of the reflection of
the graph of f (x) the graph of f (x)
horizontally by a in the x-axis.
factor of .

B. f (x) = x 3; g(x) is D. f (x) = x 2; g(x) is

represented by represented by
the expansion of the expansion of
the graph of the graph of
f (x) horizontally f (x) horizontally
by a factor of by a factor of
and reflected and reflected
in the x-axis. in the x-axis.
 Graph a Piecewise-Defined Function

Graph .

On the interval , graph y = |x + 2|.

On the interval [0, 2], graph y = |x| – 2.

On the interval graph

Draw circles at (0, 2) and (2, 2); draw dots at (0, –2)
and (2, 0) because f (0) = –2, and f (2) = 0,
respectively.
 Graph a Piecewise-Defined Function

Answer:
Graph the function .

A. C.

B. D.
 Transformations of Functions

A. AMUSEMENT PARK The “Wild Ride” roller

coaster has a section that is shaped like the
function , where g (x) is the
vertical distance in yards the roller coaster track is
from the ground and x is the horizontal distance in
yards from the start of the ride. Describe the
transformations of the parent function
f (x) = x 2 used to graph g (x).
 Transformations of Functions

Rewrite the function so that it is in the form

g(x) = a(x – h)2 + k by completing the square.

Original function

Factor

Complete the square.

 Transformations of Functions

Write x 2 – 100x + 2500

as a perfect square
and simplify.

Answer: g (x) is the graph of f (x) translated 50 units

right, compressed vertically, reflected in the
x-axis, and then translated 50 units up
 Transformations of Functions

B. AMUSEMENT PARK The “Wild Ride” roller coaster

has a section that is shaped like the function
, where g (x) is the vertical distance
in yards the roller coaster track is from the ground and
x is the horizontal distance in yards from the start of the
ride. Suppose the ride designers decide to increase the
highest point of the ride to 70 yards. Rewrite g (x) to
reflect this change. Graph both functions on the same
coordinate axes using a graphing calculator.
 Transformations of Functions

A change of the height of the highest point of the ride

from 50 yards to 70 yards is a vertical translation, so

add an additional 20 yards to the expression in

part A to get

. The graph of both functions

on the same coordinate axes using a graphing

calculator is shown.
 Transformations of Functions

Answer:
STUNT RIDING A stunt motorcyclist jumps from
ramp to ramp according to the model shaped like
the function , where g (x) is the
vertical distance in feet the motorcycle is from the
ground and x is the horizontal distance in feet
from the start of the jump. Describe the
transformations of f (x) = x 2 used to graph g (x).
A. The graph of g (x) is the graph of f (x)
translated 75 units right.

B. The graph of g (x) is the graph of f (x)

translated 18 units up, compressed vertically,
and reflected in the
x-axis.

C. The graph of g (x) is the graph of f (x)

translated 75 units right and reflected in the x-
axis.

D. The graph of g (x) is the graph of f (x)

translated 75 units right and 18 units up,
compressed vertically, and reflected in the x-
axis.
 Describe and Graph Transformations

A. Use the graph of f (x) = x 2 – 4x + 3 to graph the

function g(x) = |f (x)|.
 Describe and Graph Transformations

The graph of f (x) is below the x-axis on the interval

(1, 3), so reflect that portion of the graph in the x-axis
and leave the rest unchanged.

Answer:
 Describe and Graph Transformations

B. Use the graph of f (x) = x 2 – 4x + 3 to graph the

function h (x) = f (|x|).
 Describe and Graph Transformations

Replace the graph of f (x) to the left of the y-axis with a

reflection of the graph to the right of the y-axis.

Answer:
Use the graph of f (x) shown to graph g(x) = |f (x)|
and h (x) = f (|x|).
A. C.

B. D.