Identify the correct sentence.

a. Companies are really abrogating for

responsibility safety.

b. Companies are really abrogating

responsibility for safety.
Input Processing Theory
Input Hypothesis and Input
Hypothesis Theory
 Input
Hypothesis Proposed by Stephen Krashen
in 1977
 Input Acquisition is a subconscious
process, while learning is
Hypothesis conscious.
 Language acquisition does not
require extensive use of
Input conscious grammatical rules,
Hypothesis and does not require tedious
drill.
 Exposure to comprehensible
Input input is both necessary and
Hypothesis sufficient for L2 learning to take
place (Krashen, 1997)
 Exposure to comprehensible
Input input is both necessary and
Hypothesis sufficient for L2 learning to take
place (Krashen, 1997)
 Learners should be given a
Input lesson which is “a
Hypothesis little beyond their current level
of competence”.
 Input
Processing
Theory
Proposed by Bill VanPatten in
2004.
 Input Explains how learners perceive
and process the language they
Processing hear or read (input) and turn it
into what they actually
Theory
understand (intake).
 Input Learners have limited
processing capacity and cannot
Processing
pay attention to form and
Theory meaning at the same time.
 Learners tend to give priority to
Input meaning. When the context in
which they hear a sentence
Processing
helps them make sense of it,
Theory they do not notice details of the
language form.
Learners are also required to
process the input through comprehension
and one way to comprehend is through
Simplification (Krashen, 1997). It is
important to note that input needs to be
processed to become intake. The problem is
that not all input can become intake
According to Corder (in Gass and Selinker,
2001), intake is the input which is
“internalized”
Vanpatten and Cadierno (1993) propose that
learners should convert input into intake and
then again, change intake into acquired
systems.
Principles of Input Hypothesis
Theory
 1
The Primacy of Meaning Principle
 2
The Primacy of Content Words
Principle
 3
The Lexical Preference Principle
 4
The Preference for Non-redundancy
Principle
 5
The Meaning-Before-Non-meaning
Principle
 6
The Availability of Resources Principle
 7
The Sentence Location Principle
 8
The First Noun Principle
 9
The Lexical Semantics Principle
 10
The Event Probabilities Principle
 11
The Contextual Constraint Principle
STRUCTURING
 1
Teach only one thing at a time
 2
Keep meaning in focus
 3
Learners must do something with the
input
 4

Use oral and written input.

 5
Move from sentences to context
 6
Keep the processing strategies in
mind