Gerona Junior College, Inc.

| College of Teacher Education

ITEM
and
ANALYSIS
Assessment In Leaning I: Chapter VI
 LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Explain the meaning of item analysis, item validity, reliablity, item
1
difficulty, and discrimination index.

Determine the validity and reliability of given test items.

exp

2
Determine the quality of a test item by its difficulty index, discrimination
3 index and plausibility of options (for a selected response text)

Page 01
 ITEM TRY-OUT
02
Page

PHASE
01
PHASE 1
Construct test items.

PHASE 2
02 Conduct item try-out.

PHASE 3
03 Construction of Item Analysis.
 Page 03

ITEM

ITEM
DIFFICULT
The difficulty of an item or item difficulty is
Y
defined as the number of students who are
able to answer the item correctly divided by

ANALYSI
the total number of students.

Is a statistical technique which is used for

S
selecting and rejecting the items of the test
on the basis of their difficulty value and
discriminated power.
DISCRIMINATIO
NisINDEX
It the difference between the proportion of
the top scorers who got the item right.
Page 04

ITEM
DIFFICULT
The difficulty of an item or item difficulty is
Ydefined as the number of students who are
able to answer the item correctly divided by
the total number of students.
05

FORMULA
Page

Item Difficulty = number of students with correct answer

total number of students
EXAMPLE

What is the item difficulty index of an item if 25

students are unable to answer it correctly while 75%
answered it correctly?

Page 06
Page 07

ARBITRARY
RULE
Range of Difficulty Interpretation Action

0-0.25 Difficult Revise or Discard

0.26-0.75 Right Difficulty Retain

0.76-above Easy Revise or Discard

 Page 08

ITEM

ITEM
DIFFICULT
The difficulty of an item or item difficulty is
Y
defined as the number of students who are
able to answer the item correctly divided by

ANALYSI
the total number of students.

Is a statistical technique which is used for

S
selecting and rejecting the items of the test
on the basis of their difficulty value and
discriminated power.
DISCRIMINATIO
NisINDEX
It the difference between the proportion of
the top scorers who got the item right.
Page 09

DISCRIMINATI
ON INDEX
It is the difference between the proportion
of the upper group who got an item right
and the proportion of the lower group who
got the item right.
 Page 10

DISCRIMINATI
ON INDEX
POSITIVE DISCRIMINATION INDEX

NEGATIVE DISCRIMINATION INDEX

ZERO DISCRIMINATION INDEX

11

FORMULA
Page

Index of Discrimination = DU - DL
EXAMPLE

Obtain the index of discrimination of an item if the

upper 25% of the class had a difficulty index of 0.60,
while the lower 25% of the class had a difficulty
index of 0.20.

Page 12
 RULE OF
Page 13

Index Range
THUMBInterpretation Action

Can discriminate but

-1.0 to -.50 Discard
item is questionable

Non-discriminating
-.55 to 0.45 Revise
item

0.46 - 1.0 Discriminating item Include or Retain

Page 12

Consider a multiple choice type of test of which the following data were obtained:

A B* C D

0 40 20 20 TOTAL

0 15 5 0 Upper 25%

0 5 10 5 Lower 25%
A B* C D

0 40 20 20 TOTAL

0 15 5 0 Upper 25%

0 5 10 5 Lower 25%
Page 14

MORE
SOPHISTICATE
D
DISCRIMINATI
Item Discrimination refers to the ability of an item
ON toINDEX
differentiate among students on the basis of how
well they know the material being tested.
THANK
So