Evaluation of Physiochemical &

Bacteriological Analysis on Water

Quality of Nareshwar

Presented By: Bharvi Rami

Seat No. 645728
 Contents

 Introduction
 Review of Literature
 Research Gap
 Aim & Objective
 Sampling site
 Materials & Methods
 Result and Discussion
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION

The study of physiochemical and biological properties of water is essential for scientific inquiry,
and examination of both the physical and chemical characteristics of water, as well as its
interactions with ecosystem.
Coliform bacteria are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, especially in the
intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans. They serve as indicators of water and
food quality, often used to assess the potential presence of fecal contamination and the
effectiveness of water treatment processes.
Coliform themselves are not harmful to humans, but if they are found in tap water, they can be
contaminated with harmful organisms, many of which appear in faces. Coliforms are facultative
anaerobic (lack of oxygen), non-sporulation, rod-shaped bacteria that contain the enzyme β
galactosidase.
 Review of Literature
SR. Name of author Site study Outcome of study
No
1 Kamboj, Nitin; Bharti, Manisha; Kamboj, Vishal; Ganga river The present study concluded that the Ganga River water found prone to river water contamination
Rani, Anchal and Sharma, Shalini (2016) through ritual bathing and other anthropogenic activities at four different sampling sites including
control site have been selected. The concentration of various physio-chemical and bacteriological
parameters viz. pH, EC, TDS, Hardness, D.O., B.O.D., Alkalinity, Available phosphorus, Sodium,
Potassium, TC and FC were recorded and among these parameters D.O., B.O.D., Available phosphorus
were not recorded within the permissible limits at Shukratal ghat. Total Coliform and fecal Coliform.

2 Divya.A.H. , Solomon .P. A (2017) Chalakudy river, Kerala The study intended to find the effect of pollution by analyzing the water quality parameters like pH, EC,
TDS, TC and FC in Chalakudy River. And it was revealed that increase in TC and might cause increase in
Bacterial Count those results in water borne diseases, and can affect water quality in future.

3 B.T. Kalbage, N.E. Chandanshive (2021)
Pawana River The main objective was to study different physicochemical parameters of Pavana river. These
parameters were considered for assessment of water quality of Pawana River during years August
2016 to July 2018. The analyzed physio-chemical parameters were compared with WHO standard
limits and it was observed that some physico-chemical parameters were in the permissible limits. And
some parameters were above WHO standard. Therefore water of Pawana River is not suitable for
drinking, irrigation and for other uses.

4 Desai Riya, Patel Dipali, Chaudhari Payal, Patel Narmada River The analysis result data for different parameters at five regions for time period 01stFebruary to
Pratik (2023) 15thMarch 2023 shows that the water quality is satisfactory when compared to IS1050:2012. From
the above study, in the five regions ,it can be concluded that all the physio–chemical parameters are in
permissible limit and there were no toxicity problem. Water samples showed no extreme variations in
the concentrations of cations and anions. In addition, bacteriological analysis was also conducted, the
study revealed samples contained less than1.8 fecal coliforms per100mlbytheMost Probable Number
method. Standard plate count method showed that no pathogenic microorganisms were present in the
Narmada river.
 RESEARCH GAP

 Both Physiochemical and Bacteriological analysis has not been done on selected location.

AIM & OBJECTIVE

Aim : To study physio-chemical parameters and bacteriological analysis of water quality of Nareshwar.
Objective :
To analyze Physio-chemical parameters of water sample.
To assess presence of Total Coliform, Total Fecal Coliform, and Heterotrophic count in Nareshwar.
 Sampling Site ( Nareshwar)

SUB-SITE1 SUB-SITE 2 SUB-SITE 3

Nareshwar is tourist place which located along the banks of Narmada river. It is approximately 50 kilometres away from
Vadodara located in Bharuch district.
 Materials & Methods
Physio-chemical Assessment
Parameters Method
Collection of water sample from middle of pH pH meter
river and also from the both side at Electric Conductivity EC meter
Nareshwar Total dissolved solid Gravimetric analysis
Total hardness EDTA Titrimetric Method
Total alkalinity Acid titration
Calcium & Magnesium EDTA Titrimetric Method
Analyze physiochemical parameters of
water sample from Nareshwar Dissolved oxygen Wrinkler method
Biological oxygen demand Dilution method
Chemical oxygen Demand Close reflux
Chloride Argentrometric titration
Compare the result Turbidity Nephelometer
Biological Assessment

Grab sampling of the water from middle of river and also

from the both the sides at Nareshwar

CFU (Colony forming unit) method For Total coliform,

total fecal coliform and heterogenous count

Compare the result

 Result & Discussion
Physiochemical parameters

S.No. parameters December January February March

S-1 S-2 S-3 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-1 S-2 S-3
1 pH 8 7.5 7.3 8.1 8.3 7.2 7.8 8 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.1
2 Temperature(°C) 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.3 25.7 25.9 26.3 26.8 27.7 29.1 28.8 29
3 TDS (ppm) 131 126 113 171 134 128 113 142 113 171 142 126
4 EC (µs/cm) 262 252 222 342 262 248 330 290 265 350 310 260
5 Turbidity (NTU) 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.5 2.6 1.5 1 2.7 1.2 1.1
6 Chloride (mg/l) 49.99 55.99 45.99 55.99 59.99 51.99 51.99 55.99 43.99 39.99 35.99 43.99
7 Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 100 128 88 164 160 128 172 160 92 172 144 140

8 Total Hardness (mg/l) (as caco3) 176 204 140 160 140 120 144 136 148 160 148 152

9 Ca Hardness (mg/l) (as caco3) 117.6 176.4 121.8 134.4 117.6 105 126 121.8 109.2 142.8 102 96.6

10 Mg Hardness (mg/l) (as caco3) 58.4 27.6 18.2 26 22.4 15 18 14.2 38.8 17.2 43 55.4
11 Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) 39.46 41.87 38.65 40.26 39.46 37.85 42.68 34.63 38.65 37.04 31.4 33.02
12 BOD (mg/l) 4.3 2.4 2 2.5 4.4 2 3.5 1.8 3 4.5 2.8 5
13 COD (mg/l) 24 32 16 16 24 24 24 35 16 16 24 24

Data of Physiochemical Parameters

( S-1 = Sub-site 1, S-2 = Sub-site 2, S-3 = Sub-site 3)
 3 70
2.5 60

Chloride (mg/l)
2 50
Turbidity

40
1.5
30
1 20
0.5 10
0 0
December January February March December January February March
Months months

subsite 1 subsite 2 subsite 3 subsite 1 sub site 2 subsite 3

200 250

Total Hardness (mg/l)

200
Alkalinity (mg/l)

150
150
100
100
50 50
0 0
December January February March December January February March
months months

subsite 1 subsite 2 subsite 3 subsite 1 subsite 2 subsite 3

 6
Biological oxygen demand 5
(mg/l) 4
3
2
1
0
December January February March
months

subsite 1 subsite 2 subsite 3

 Bacteriological analysis

S.No. parameters December January February March

S-1 S-2 S-3 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-1 S-2 S-3
Total coliform Count
1 (CFU/ml) 2200 1880 900 1360 950 680 2080 1670 730 2770 1320 700
Fecal coliform count
2 (CFU/ml) 1980 1830 1310 1820 1750 1100 1350 800 720 1100 900 670
Heterotrophic count
3 (CFU/ml) 2100 795 508 1670 1550 790 2260 1790 860 2610 2350 960
( S-1 = Sub-site 1, S-2 = Sub-site 2, S-3 = Sub-site 3)
Total coliform count at sub-site 1 Total coliform count at sub-site 2 Total coliform count at sub-site 3

Total faecal count at sub-site 1 Total faecal count at sub-site 2 Total faecal count at sub-site 3
Heterotrophic count at sub-site 1 Heterotrophic count at sub-site 2 Heterotrophic count at sub-site 3
 Conclusion

• The study concluded Nareshwar water sample from 3 different sub-sites, showed potential to contamination the
river water through bathing and other human activities. The sensitivity of various physio-chemical and
bacteriological parameters, pH, EC, TDS, total hardness, calcium harness, magnesium hardness, chloride, alkalinity,
DO, BOD, and COD was recorded. All physiochemical parameters are within the permissible limits. The result
related to the bacterial communities showed the presence of large number of total Coliform count in all sampling
sub-site, indicating environmental contamination. Faecal Coliforms were detected on all sub-sites. E. coli were
detected on sub-site 1 and 2.Were Heterotrophic count high number on sub-site 1. the presence of faecal Coliforms
and E.coli in sub-site 1 and 2 was caused by the open fields in the region. That is why people who use water from
this sub-sites must be aware of the health risks and therefore treat the water before domestic use to avoid
contamination.
 References

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