MAGNET AND INDUCTORS

MAGNETS
o A magnet is a material or object that produces magnetic field.
o Magnets have 2 poles, North and South.
PROPERTIES OF A MAGNET
1. Magnet has two poles - South pole and North pole.
2. Poles of magnet cannot be isolated.
3. Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
4. Freely suspended magnet aligns is N-S direction.
MAGNETIC DIPOLE
o Every magnet is a magnetic dipole.
o Magnetic monopoles does not exist.
MAGNETISM
o Magnetic field is the area around a permanent magnet. It is also called magnetic
flux density.
o The unit for magnetic field is a Tesla.

o Magnetic flux can be defined as a measure of magnetic field in a certain medium.

o The unit for magnetic flux is a Weber.
ELECTROMAGNETISM
o When a conductor carries a current, magnetic lines of force are set around the
length of the conductor.
o Magnetic field is produced by the current flowing in the conductor.
o Magnetic lines of force in the form of concentric circle around the conductor.
o The direction of the line of force depends upon the direction of the current.
MICHAEL FARADAY
o Michael Faraday was a pivotal figure in the study of electromagnetism during the
19th century. His experiments and discoveries laid the groundwork for modern
electromagnetic theory and had a profound impact on the development of
electrical technology.
o Faraday's most famous contribution to electromagnetism is the discovery of
electromagnetic induction. In 1831, he demonstrated that a changing magnetic
field could induce an electric current in a nearby circuit.
o Faraday formulated the concept of electromagnetic fields, which describes the
interactions between electrically charged particles and magnetic forces. His ideas
provided a theoretical framework for understanding electromagnetism and were
later incorporated into James Clerk Maxwell's equations, which form the basis of
classical electromagnetic theory.
JAMES CLERK MAXWELL
o James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist who made
groundbreaking contributions to the study of electromagnetism in
the 19th century. His most notable achievement was the
formulation of a set of equations, known as Maxwell's equations,
which describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields and
their interactions with matter.
o Maxwell's equations provided a unified framework for
understanding electromagnetism, integrating previous
experimental findings and theoretical concepts into a coherent
mathematical theory. They describe how electric charges and
currents produce electric and magnetic fields, and how these fields
in turn influence the motion of charged particles.
HEINRICH LENZ
o Heinrich Lenz was a Russian physicist of German descent,
born in 1804 and died in 1865. He is best known for formulating
Lenz's law, which describes the direction of induced
electromotive force (EMF) and current resulting from
electromagnetic induction.
LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
o Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is a fundamental principle in physics,
discovered by the British scientist Michael Faraday in the 1830s. It describes how a
changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) and, consequently, an
electric current in a nearby conductor.
o "The induced electromotive force (EMF) in any closed circuit is equal to the rate of
change of the magnetic flux through the circuit.“
LENZ LAW
o Lenz's law is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism that describes the
direction of induced electromotive force (EMF) and current resulting from
electromagnetic induction. It was formulated by the Russian physicist Heinrich Lenz
in 1834.
o "The direction of the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit is such that it
opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.“
INDUCTORS
o Stores energy in the form of magnetic field and delivers it as and when required.
o The opposition to the current is known as inductance and the component producing
inductance is known as inductor.
o The unit for inductance is called Henry.
TYPES OF INDUCTORS
o Fixed Inductors
o Air Core
o Iron Core
o Ferrite Core

o Variable Inductors
FIXED INDUCTORS
o Air core - These inductors have a coil wound around a non-magnetic core, such as
air. They offer low inductance values and are often used in high-frequency
applications where magnetic core losses need to be minimized.
o Ferrite core - Ferrite core inductors have a coil wound around a core made of ferrite
material. Ferrite cores are magnetic, and they increase the inductance of the coil.
Ferrite core inductors are widely used in power supply circuits, filters, and RF
applications due to their high magnetic permeability and low losses at high
frequencies
o Iron core - Iron core inductors have a coil wound around a core made of iron or
iron alloys. These inductors offer higher inductance values compared to air core
inductors and are commonly used in applications such as transformers, chokes, and
inductors for power supplies.
INDUCTORS IN SERIES AND
PARALLEL