Major Topic #1:

Concepts, Principles
and theories in
nursing informatics
Subtopic #2: Computer system
PR EPAR ED BY:
PR OF. AGNES D. JAKOS ALEM, RN, LPT,MN
 Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the major components of computer
systems and their related functions.
2. Define basic terminology related to hardware,
software and connectivity.
3. Describe the main categories of computer software.
Computer
is a machine that uses electronic
components and instructions to the
components to perform calculations
and repetitive and complex
procedures, process text, and
manipulate data and signals.
Computer Hardware
includes the physical parts of a
computer, such as the case,
central processing unit (CPU),
monitor, mouse,
keyboard,
computer data storage,
graphics card, sound card,
speakers and
motherboard.
Basic Components of a Computer
A. Internal Parts
- these refer to the
electronic components
located on a circuit
board
 a. Motherboard
> it is the central or
primary circuit board
making up a complex
electronic system, such as a
computer
b. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
> it is the brain of the computer
> It has three basic parts such as control
or sometimes simply a unit, arithmetic and logic unit,& main
processor, it the component instorage
a unit or memory.
digital computer that interprets
instructions and process data > It has four basic language functions
contained in a computer such fetch, execute, decode and store.
program.
Computer Speed of a CPU is measured in
cycles per second called clock speed of a
computer. One million per second is called
one megahertz (MHz), faster computer has
a speed of one billions per second that is
called gigahertz (GHz)
c. Memory
> the computers
electronic scratch
pad, it is where the
computer stores its
data
 1. Read Only Memory (ROM)
> is a permanent storage,
the data in the ROM can
only be read by a
computer and cannot be
altered or erased when the
computer is turned off.
2. Random Access Memory (RAM)
> refers to the working
memory used for primary
storage and can be access,
used, changed, and written on
repeatedly and the contents in
the RAM are lost when the
computer is turned off.
 e. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
> is a dedicated
graphics rendering
device for a personal
computer or game
console.
 f. Sound Card
>it is a computer
expansion card that can
input and output sound
under the control of a
computer program.
g. Network Card
> a network card, network
adapter, network interface
card (NIC) is a piece of a
computer hardware
designed to allow
computers to communicate
over a computer network.
 B. Peripherals
> it refers to the
input and output
devices of a
computer.
1. Input Devices
> allows the
computer to
receive message
or information to
the outside world.
Examples of input devices:
1. Keyboards
2. Mouse,
3. Joystick
4. Gamepad
5. Scanner
6. touch screen
7. CD/DVD ROM
8. modem,
9. web camera,
10. graphics tablet,
11. bar code reader,
12. card reader,
13. universal serial bus (USB),
14. and floppy disk drives.
Additional input devices
 kinds of Mouse

Mechanical mouse:
Optical Mouse:
Laser mouse
Trackpad
Touchscreen Monitor
USB Card reader
Scanners / Barcode readers
Digital Camera
Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
Optical Character Reader(OCR)
Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
Digitizer
Microphone
Light pen
Eye Tracker
Laser rangefinder
Drones

unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unscrewed aerial

vehicle
2. Output Devices
> allows computer to report its result to the external world, it is in the form of
text or data files, sounds, graphics, or signal to other devices.
 OUTPUT DEVICES
I. Visual Display Units: III. Speech
1. Monitors

2. Printer
Synthesizer
II. Graphic Output Devices:
1. Plotters

2. Speakers
 Visual Display Units
1. Monitors – displays
computer output
a.1 – CRT ( Cathode Ray
Tube)
a.2 –LCD( Liquid Crystal
Display)
a.3 – LED ( light Emitting Diode)
a.4 – Plasma
display panel
a.5 OLED(Organic Light-emitting diode
or Organic LED)

Also known as
Organic
Electrolumines
cent diode.
Printer
II.Graphic output devices:
II. Graphic output devices:

Speakers
III. Speech synthesizer
C. Auxiliary Storage Devices
>permanent storage data
 Examples of auxiliary storage
devices:
1. Punch card,
2. paper tape (long strip
of papers with holes),
3. magnetic tape,
4. gramophone record,
5. zip disk (100MB to
250MB to 750MB),
 Examples of auxiliary storage
devices:
6. floppy disk (1.2MB to
1.4MB), 7. hard disk (40GB-
500GB),
8. minidisc (140MB-1GB),
9. compact disc or CD (700MB
or 80 min recording time),
10. digital versatile disc or
DVD (4.7GB-8.5GB),
 Examples of auxiliary storage
devices:
11. blue ray disc (25GB-200GB),
12. holographic versatile disc or HVD
(200GB-3.6TB),
13. solid state disc (16GB),
14. USB flash drive (128MB to 2GB to
64 GB),
15. memory card or flash memory card
(32MB-8GB)
THANK YOU …
Keep posted for the continuation video lecture which is the computer software…