Course : ISYE6157011 – Human-Integrated Systems

Year : 2023

Module 6
Safety and Health in Workplace
 Objectives:
1. To understand the importance of safety and health issues in
a workplace.
2. To understand various causes of injury in a workplace and
how to prevent it.
3. To analyze error in workplace using fault tree analysis
4. To prevent accident using hazard control.
 References
• Blanchard, B. S., & Fabricky, W. J. (2014). Systems Engineering
and Analysis (5th ed.). USA: Pearson Education.
• Bridger, R. S. (2018). Introduction to Ergonomics (4th ed.). Boca
Roton: CRC Press
• Freivalds, A., & Niebel, B. (2012). Niebel's Methods, Standards,
and Work Design (12th ed.), Chapter 7, Page 292. USA: McGraw
Hill International Edition
• Goetsch, D. L. (2015). Occupational Safety and Health for
Technologist, Engineers, and Managers (8th ed.). New Jersey:
Pearson Education
 What is Hazard?

Hazard is a condition with the potential of causing

injury or damage while danger is the relative potential
consequences of that hazard.
(Freivalds & Niebel, 2014)
 Hazards
Hazards can occur in several general categories:
1. Due to inherent properties such as high voltage, radiation,
or caustic chemicals.
2. Due to potential failure, either of the operator (or some
other person) or of the machine (or some other
equipment).
3. Due to environmental forecast or stresses, for example
wind, and corrosion, etc.
 Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
A procedure for identifying the hazards associated with each step of
a job for the purpose of improving the safety of overall job. Job
safety analysis is one of many tools that are emerged to reduce the
cause of injury.
 Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Four major factors that a safety engineer should focus on:
• Worker: the operator, the supervisor, or any other individual
that may be associated with this element.
• Method: the work procedures being utilized in this particular
process.
• Machine: the equipment and tools being utilized.
• Material: the raw material, parts, components, fasteners,
etc., that are being used or assembled in the process.
 Fault-Tree Analysis (FTA)
According to Blanchard & Fabricky (2014), The fault-tree
analysis (FTA) is a deductive approach involving the graphical
enumeration and analysis of different ways in which a particular
failure can occur and the probability of its occurrence.
Fault-Tree Analysis (FTA)
Symbols
Fault-Tree Analysis (FTA)
 Job Hazard Analysis

According to OSHA, “Job hazard analysis is a technique that

focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they
occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the
task, the tools, and the work environment.”
 Why is Job Hazard Analysis
Important?
Job hazard analysis can be used to eliminate or prevent hazard,
reduce workplace risk injuries to an acceptable risk level by
looking at workplace operations, establishing proper job
procedures, and ensuring that all employees to perform their
jobs safely.

This is likely to result in fewer worker injuries and illnesses;

safer, more effective work methods; reduced workers’
compensation costs; and increased worker productivity.
 Job Hazard Analysis
To perform a job hazard analysis, you would ask:
• What can go wrong?
• What are the outcome or consequences?
• How could it happen?
• What are other contributing factors?
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
Job Hazard Analysis