UNIT 3

JET ENGINE

BY
COMPRESSION WASHING AND
BALANCING
 CONTENTS
 1.COMPRESSION WASHING

 2.COMPRESSION WASH PROCESS

 3.WHY IS COMPRESSOR WASHING IMPORTANT

 4.BENEFITS OF COMPRESSOR WASHING EQUIPMENT

 5.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COMPRESSION WASHING

 EQUIPMENT

 6.SAFETY PROCEDURES

 7.AVA AERO TRADING

 COMPRESSION WASHING

WHAT IS A COMPRESSION WASH?

compressor wash is a routine procedure performed on turbine
engines to maintain their optional performance, specifically,it
focuses on cleaning the compressor section of the engine.
The compressor is a critical component responsible for compressing incoming air
before it enters the combustion chamber. however,over,time,contaminants such as
carbon,oil,and other foreign matter can accumulate on the compressor blades.

These contaminants reduce the aerodynamic efficiency of the blades, leading to

deteriorating engine performance .Additionally they can cause damage to the blades
and even lead to engine failure.

To address this,compressor washes are carried out to remove the accumulated debrits
and maintain engine efficiency.
THE COMPRESSOR WASH PROCESS:
A typical compressor wash involves three main steps:

CHEMICAL WASH: Specialized equipment injects a detergent into the system while the
compressor is turning.This detergent breaks down the contaminants on the blades.
WATER RINSE: After the detergent has done its job,the compressor is flushed with water to
remove all residues,including the cleaning chemicals.
ENGINE RUN: Once the cleaning process is complete,the engine is fired up to quickly and
effectively dry it.

WHY IS COMPRESSION WASHING IMPORTANT ?

FUEL EFFICIENCY: By maintaining a clean compressor,airlines can achieve increased fuel
efficiency .Even a 1% reduction in fuel costs due to improved engine health can have significant
financial benefits.
PERFORMANCE AND ENGINE LIFE: Contaminant-free compressor lead to better engine
performance and longer life cycles.
THERMAL EFFICIENCY: Contaminants affect the thermal efficiency of the engine,impacting
overall performance.Compressor washes help maintain optimal .
CORROSIN PREVENTION: Contaminants,especially in salt-rich environments,can cause
corrosion .Regular washes prevent this and extend engine life.

COMPRESSOR WASHING EQUIPMENT:IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS IN AIRCRAFT

MAINTENANCE

INTRODUCTION:
Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure safe and efficient operations of aircraft .The engine is
the most important component of an aircraft,and its proper maintenance is critical to the
aircraft’s overall safety and performance.Compressor washing equipment is a vital tool for
maintaining engine performance,especially in the harsh environment of aviation.In this
article,we will discuss the importance and benefits of compressor washing equipment in aircraft
maintenance,along with the safety procedure and environmental impact of this technology.
IMPORTANCE OF COMPRESSOR WASHING EQUIPMENT:
Compressor washing equipment plays a significant role in maintaining the efficiency and
reliability of aircraft engines.The compressor blades are vulnerable to contaminants such as
duct,dirt,and debrits thataccumulate on the blades,reducing the airflow through the engine,and
decreasing its efficiency compressor washing removes these contaminants,restoring the airfloe
and optimizing the engine’s performance.This technology is particularly essential in hot and
dusty environmenta where the buildup of contaminants is higher

BENEFITS OF COMPRESSOR WASHING EQUIPMENT:

Using compressor washing equipment offers several benefits,including improved fuel
efficiency,reduced engine wear and tear,and extended engine life,when the engine is operating
efficiency,it consumes less fuel,reducing operating costs,moreover,cleaning the compressor
blades reduces the risk of corrosion,erosion,and blade cracking,which can lead to costly repairs
and even engine failure.By extending the engines life,compressor washing equipment can help
operators avoid expensive engine replacements,saving money in the long run
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COMPRESSOR WASHING EQUIPMENT:

Compressor washing equipment uses cleaning agents contaminants from the

compressor blades.It is essentials to ensures that these cleaning agents are environmentally
friendly and compliant with industry regulations in addition,operators must ensure that they
appropriate amount of cleaning agents to minimize the environments impact.

SAFETY PROCEDURES:
Using compressor washing equipment requires following strict
safety procedures.The high-pressure water used in the cleaning process can be hazardous,and
safety equipment,such as protective clothing,goggies,and gloves,must be worn by
operators,moreover,proper training is essential to ensure that operators understand the risks and
know how to operate the equipment safety
Ava Aero Trading: Providing High-Quality Compressor Washing Equipment in the Middle
East Ava Aero Trading is committed to providing high-quality compressor washing
equipment in the Middle East. We offer a wide range of compressor washing equipment from
leading manufacturers, ensuring that our clients have access to the latest and most advanced
technology. Our team of experts can provide guidance and advice on selecting the most
suitable equipment for each client's specific needs. Moreover, we ensure that all our
equipment is compliant with industry regulations and environmental standards, and we
provide training and support to ensure that our clients can use the equipment safely and
effectively.
 Click icon to add picture

Pic of chemical washing

By working of power
 FIELD BALANCING OF
COMPRESSOR FAN

• Initial balancing
• Why balancing meters
• Methodology
• Maintenance
• Fan trim balancing
• Needs for balancing
• Balancing required
• Function of fan
STRUCTURE OF JET ENGINE FAN
 BALANCING

Each blades weight is then inputted into a programme which spits out a plot of what blade
is situated where on the disc.Once built the disc is then spun in a balance machine to make
sure everything is in tolerance.Large fans are generally balanced on wing using test sets
Why Balancing Is Necessary:
• Vibration Reduction: Unbalanced components generate vibrations that can lead to fatigue,
damage, and even catastrophic failure.
• Safety and Reliability: Balanced components improve engine reliability, ensuring safe
operation during flight.
• Efficiency: Balanced parts optimize fuel consumption and overall engine performanc
 WHAT IS BALANCING

Balancing the rotating components of a jet engine, including

the fan and compressor discs, is critical for optimal performance
and safety. Let’s delve into how this process works:
Initial Balancing:
 When assembling a jet engine, the fan and compressor discs arrive
pre-balanced.
 Technicians then create sets of blades with roughly similar weights.
 Each blade’s weight is inputted into a program that generates a plot
showing where each blade is situated on the disc.
 The assembled disc is spun in a balance machine to ensure
everything is within tolerance.
Methodology:
 The process is akin to balancing car tires.
 Thebalance machine detects any imbalance and allows technicians to add or remove
mass as needed.
 The goal is to achieve satisfactory balance tolerance.
Maintenance:
 Jet engine components don’t “wear” like car tires do.
 They don’t physically touch anything during operation.
 Deposits,damage, or blended blades may cause slight imbalance, but catastrophic
damage is rare.
 Components remain in service until their operational life expires
Function:
 Balancing: The primary function of field balancing is to ensure that the compressor fan shaft (also known as the
fan disc) remains in a balanced state during operation.
 Minimizing Vibrations: Balanced fan discs minimize vibrations, which are critical for the overall health of the
engine. Excessive vibrations can lead to premature wear, fatigue, and potential failure of components.
 Optimal Performance: Properly balanced components contribute to optimal engine performance, fuel efficiency,
and longevity.
Needs and Purpose:
 Initial Balancing: When assembling a jet engine, the fan discs and blades are balanced independently. The disc
arrives pre-balanced, and technicians create a set of blades with roughly similar weights. Each blade’s weight is
inputted into a program, which generates a plot showing the blade distribution on the disc.
 Tolerance Check: Once the blades are assembled onto the disc, it undergoes spin balancing in a specialized
machine. This step ensures that the entire assembly remains within specified tolerances.
 On-Wing Balancing: For large fans (such as those on commercial airliners), on-wing balancing may be performed
during maintenance. Technicians use test sets to assess balance and make adjustments if necessary.
 Monitoring and Maintenance: Throughout the engine’s life, regular inspections and monitoring ensure that the
fan discs remain balanced. Any deposits, damaged blades, or other issues are addressed promptly.
 Avoiding Catastrophic Imbalance: Catastrophic imbalance (e.g., due to blade loss) can lead to severe engine
damage. Proper balancing helps prevent such scenarios.
Purpose of Balancing:
 Minimize Vibrations: Unbalanced components can cause excessive vibrations, leading to mechanical stress, fatigue, and potential
failure.
 Maximize Efficiency: Properly balanced components ensure smooth operation, reduce wear, and enhance overall engine efficiency.

Balancing Process:
 Independent Balancing: The fan discs and blades are initially balanced independently:
 The disc/hub arrives pre-balanced.
 Technicians assemble blades with similar weights.
 Each blade’s weight is input into a program that generates a plot showing blade distribution on the disc.

 Machine Balancing: The assembled disc is spun in a balance machine to verify tolerance.
 On-Wing Balancing (for Large Fans): Large fans are balanced in situ using test sets.
 No Wear, Minimal Touching: Unlike car tires, these components don’t wear significantly since they don’t directly touch anything.
Any imbalance usually results from deposits, damaged blades, or other anomalies.
 Longevity: Unless catastrophic damage occurs, balanced components remain in service until their operational life ends.

Determining Balance Point:

 Similar to Tire Balancing: The process resembles tire balancing.
 Manipulation and Retesting: After initial machine balancing, components can be manipulated (mass added or removed) and retested
until satisfactory balance tolerance is achieved.
 Balance Tolerance: The goal is to achieve a balance that minimizes vibrations while ensuring safe operation
Comparison to Car Tires:
While car tires use weights to balance, jet engine fan discs don’t typically require
additional weights. Instead, precise blade distribution and spin balancing achieve the
desired balance.
The process is akin to a giant version of tire balancing, but with much higher
precision and specialized equipment.
Fan Discs and Blades Balancing:
The fan discs arrive pre-balanced.
Technicians assemble a set of blades with roughly similar weights.
Each blade’s weight is inputted into a program, which generates a plot showing the
l blade positions on the disc.
The assembled disc is then spun in a balance testing machine to ensure everything
falls within tolerance.
Compressor Spools Balancing:
 Similar to fan blades, compressor spools are balanced independently.
 The spool’s hub arrives pre-balanced.
 Technicians create a set of compressor blades with comparable weights.
 Blade weights are inputted into a program to determine their positions on the spool.
 The assembled spool undergoes balance testing to verify tolerance
Turbine Balancing:
 Turbine discs and blades are balanced independently.
 The process is akin to that of fan and compressor blades.
 Once assembled, the turbine disc is tested for balance
Fan Trim Balancing:
After installation, fan trim balancing is performed.
A Vibration Spectrum Survey gauges the degree of imbalance.
Technicians inspect the fan assembly, make necessary repairs or replacements, and adj
ust the balance to acceptable levels

FAN:Accelerates air into the jet enginr.Fans are used for efficiency.
BY-PASS DUCT: Air flows through the inlet through a duct and out
the nozzle.The air leaves the engine at a bhigher velocity than when it
entered.The passage through which the air travels is called the by-pass
duct.
Conclusion:
Compressor washing equipment is an essential tool in maintaining the
performance, reliability, and safety of aircraft engines. Using this technology offers several
benefits, including improved fuel efficiency, reduced engine wear and tear, and extended
engine life. Operators must follow strict safety procedures and ensure that they use
environmentally friendly cleaning agents. At Ava Aero Trading, we provide high-quality
compressor washing equipment, ensuring that our clients have access to the latest and most
advanced technology.

C.HEMALATHA
B.E AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING