SIMPLE PAST TENSE

vs
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

 We use Simple Past Tense to talk about the past or something that happened and finished/ended in the
past.
 Simple Past Tense is often used to tell a story and it can also be used to show “tadi” in Bahasa.
 Something told in Simple Past Tense doesn’t happen in the present time. It’s not a fact that is true until
now.
VERBAL & NOMINAL SENTENCE
 Verbal Clause / Sentence
Clause / sentence that uses active verbs, for example:
She worked hard yesterday,
The program ran well,
It rained heavily.
 Nominal Clause / Sentence
Clause / sentence that shows a condition / state, not using active verbs, usually followed by adjectives,
nouns, or adverbs of place, for example:
She was a teacher of English.
They looked very sad.
They were very sad.
We were at the garden at that time.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN VERBAL
SENTENCE

 Verbal Clause/Sentence:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object/Adverb
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN
VERBAL CLAUSE/SENTENCE:

Subject Verb 2 Object/Adverb

I went to school yesterday
You saw a movie last night
They took the bag
We sang a song in the garden
He made a cake two days ago
She wrote a letter to my sister
It rained heavily yesterday
SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN VERBAL
SENTENCE

 Verbal Clause/Sentence (NEGATIVE FORM):

Subject + did not + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb

EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN
VERBAL CLAUSE/SENTENCE (Negative
Form):

Subject Didn’t + Verb 1 Object/Adverb

I didn’t go to school yesterday
You didn’t see a movie last night
They didn’t take the bag
We didn’t sing a song in the garden
He didn’t make a cake two days ago
She didn’t write a letter to my sister
It didn’t rain heavily yesterday
SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN VERBAL
SENTENCE

 Verbal Clause/Sentence (INTERROGATIVE FORM):

Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb ?

 Answers:
Yes, Subject + did
No, Subject + did not
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN
VERBAL CLAUSE/SENTENCE (Interrogative
Form):

Did Subject Verb 1 Object/Adverb

Did I go to school yesterday?
Did You see a movie last night?
Did They take the bag?
Did We sing a song in the garden?
Did He make a cake two days ago?
Did She write a letter to my sister?
Did It rain heavily yesterday?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN NOMINAL
SENTENCE

 Nominal Clause/Sentence:

Subject + was/were/linking verbs + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

Linking verbs: look, taste, sound, become, etc.

Looked, tastes, sounded, became, etc.

My father became angry yesterday.

The music sounded so horrible/scary.
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN
NOMINAL SENTENCE:

Subject Was/were Adjective/Noun/Adverb

I was busy last night
You were In the hotel yesterday
They were bad students
We were always together in childhood
He was very angry at me last week
She was here yesterday evening
It was dark and quiet
SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN NOMINAL
SENTENCE

 Nominal Clause/Sentence (NEGATIVE FORM):

Subject + wasn’t/weren’t + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

My father did not become angry yesterday

EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN
NOMINAL SENTENCE (Negative Form):

Subject was not / were not Adjective/Noun/Adverb

I wasn’t In my house yesterday
You weren’t happy last night
They weren’t sad at that time
We weren’t here two days ago
He wasn’t a teacher
She wasn’t a good student formerly
It wasn’t hard to do the task
SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN NOMINAL
SENTENCE

 Nominal Clause/Sentence (INTERROGATIVE FORM):

Was/were + Subject + Adjective/Noun/Adverb ?
Wasn’t/weren’t+ Subject + Adjective/Noun/Adverb ?

 Answers:
Yes, Subject + was/were
No, Subject + wasn’t/weren’t
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN
NOMINAL SENTENCE (Interrogative Form):

Was/were Subject Adjective/Noun/Adverb

Was I Here last nite?
Were You busy yesterday?
Were They happy in the holiday?
Were We together at that time?
Was He a director in this company before?
Was She sleepy at class yesterday?
Was It a quiet place?
EXERCISE

 Decide whether these sentences belong to verbal or nominal sentence! And after that, change it into past
tense!
Examples:
1. My father works at the garden.
Verbal sentence because it has verb “work”.
Past Tense: My father worked at the garden.

2. My mother is a teacher.
Nominal sentence because it has the verb “is” followed by noun “teacher”.
Past Tense: My mother was a teacher.
EXERCISE
3. Everyone goes to the park.
(Verbal/Nominal)
Past Tense: …………………………………….
4. They are my best friends at school.
(Verbal/Nominal)
Past Tense: ……………………………………...
5. He is in my house.
(Verbal/Nominal)
Past Tense: ………………………………………
6. We are very tired for the last performance.
(Verbal/Nominal)
Past Tense: ………………………………………..
7. The people look curious to see the face of the victims.
(Verbal/Nominal)
Past Tense: …………………………………………………………..
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We use Present Perfect Tense to show:

Something once or ever happened at indefinite time in the past.

Something happened in the past and has been true or in progress until now in the present time.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN VERBAL
SENTENCE

 Verbal Clause/Sentence:
Subject + have/has + Verb 3 + Object/Adverb
Subject + have/has + not + verb 3 + Object/Adverb
EXAMPLE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
IN VERBAL CLAUSE/SENTENCE:

Subject Have / Has Verb 3 Object / Adverb

I Have gone to Medina

You have gone to Medina

They have gone to Medina

We have gone to Medina

He Has eaten his breakfast

Michael has eaten his breakfast

She has arrived here

Suzanne has written a book

It has changed today

The world has changed today

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN VERBAL
SENTENCE

 Verbal Clause/Sentence (NEGATIVE FORM):

Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3 + Object/Adverb

EXAMPLE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN
VERBAL CLAUSE/SENTENCE (Negative Form):

Subject Have / Has Not Verb 3 Object / Adverb

I Have not gone to Mecca

You have not gone to Mecca

They have not gone to Mecca

We have not gone to Mecca

He Has not eaten his breakfast yet

Michael has not eaten his lunch yet

She has not been here yet

Suzanne has not written a letter yet

It has not changed today

The world has not changed today

SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN VERBAL
SENTENCE

 Verbal Clause/Sentence (INTERROGATIVE FORM):

Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object/Adverb ?

 Answers:
Yes, Subject + have/has
No, Subject + have/has not
EXAMPLE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN
VERBAL CLAUSE/SENTENCE (Interrogative
Form):

Have / Has Subject Verb 3 Object/Adverb

Have I known you?

Have you had your lunch?

Have they read the book?

Have we seen Jack?

Has he arrived here?

Has Michael visited you today?

Has she gone to Mecca?

Has Suzanne met you?

Has it changed now?

Has The world changed now?

THE ADVERBS USUALLY USED IN PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE:

4. Recently / Lately / These days / Nowadays /

1. Ever Today
The world has changed nowadays.
I have ever been to Mecca.
You …… a book these days.
I’ve ever met him.
Have written

2. Never
Write
I have never been to Mecca. wrote
I’ve never met him. She has been so busy lately.

3. Just / Just now = baru saja 
5. Yet
Have you eaten your breakfast yet?
I have just arrived here.
I haven’t bought the book yet.
She has just arrived now.

6. Already
I just knew. = American style I have already had my breakfast.
I have just known He has already read the book.
THE ADVERBS USUALLY USED IN PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE:
7. Since

I have known him since I moved to this city.

She has lived in Bandung since 2002.

8. For

Marry …… him for four years.

a. Know

b. Knew

c. Knowing

d. Is knowing

e. Has known

They have worked in Jakarta for ten months.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN NOMINAL
SENTENCE

 Nominal Clause/Sentence:

Subject + have/has + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

Subject + have/has + not + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

Have/has + Subject + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?

EXAMPLE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
IN NOMINAL SENTENCE:

Subject Have / Has been Adjective /Noun/ Adverb

I have been here for two hours

You have been very tired these days

They have been happy since yesterday

We have been together for 4 years

He has been busy lately

Michael has been my close friend since I was a child

She has been there for one hour

Suzanne has been at the garden

It has been very long

The world has been Older and older

SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIMPLE
PAST TENSE & PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 SIMILARITY
Both past tense and perfect tense show that activity/event started to happen in the past.
 DIFFERENCES
Simple Past Tense = Specific Time in the Past
I went to Bromo in 2017
I ate mango yesterday
Present Perfect Tense = Not specific in the past
I have ever been to Bromo
I have eaten mango

Simple Past Tense = Finished in the past time

I lived in Surabaya in 2007
Present Perfect Tense = Unfinished in the past time or still in progress until now
I have lived in Surabaya since 2007
PAST TENSE VS PERFECT TENSE

 SIMPLE PAST TENSE = SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST AND FINISHED IN THE PAST
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE = INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST AND UNTIL NOW

My father worked as a seller in 2010.

My father has worked as a seller. (since 2010)
The seminar took place two days ago.
The seminar has taken place. (since two days ago)
My heart was broken.
My heart has been broken. (since … / for … / until now)
EXERCISE
Fill with SIMPLE PAST TENSE or PRESENT PERFECT TENSE!
Example:
1. My sister .... (get) …. vaccinated
My sister got vaccinated.

2. You …. (suffer) …. From Corona virus since three days ago.

You have suffered from Corona virus since three days ago.

3. My cat …. (help) …. me to smile more everyday until now.

4. My parents …. (bring) ….. the cake yesterday.
5. Your father …. (known) ….. the news since 3 days ago.
6. She …. (see) ….. her own result
7. Our parents …. (go) …. to Mecca in 1996.
8. Our parents …. (go) …. to Mecca.
EXERCISE 2

 Listen to an English song and find the lyrics of the song using Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense!
 After that, explain what the song is about!
 Sing the English song!