AXESUAL

REPRODUCTION
AND IT’S TYPES

BIOLOGY
INTRODUCTI
ON
Asexual reproduction can be very rapid. This is an advantage for many
organisms. It allows these organisms to crowd out other organisms that
reproduce more slowly. Bacteria, for example, may divide several times per
hour. Under ideal conditions, 100 bacteria can divide to produce millions of
bacterial cells in just a few hours. However, most bacteria do not live under
ideal conditions. If they did, the entire surface of the planet would soon be
covered with them. Instead, their reproduction is kept in check by limited
resources, predators, and their own wastes. This is true of most other
organisms as well.
There are a number of types of asexual reproduction
including fission, fragmentation, budding, vegetative
reproduction, spore formation and agamogenesis. Spore
formation occurs in plants, and some algae and fungi, and will
be discussed in additional concepts.
Fission
In fission (or binary fission), a parent separates into two or more individuals
of about equal size. This type of reproduction is common among single-
celled organisms including bacteria, archa and unicellular eukaryotes, such
as protista and some fungi. The single cell divides into two daughter cells.
Fragmentation
In fragmentation, a body breaks into several fragments, which later develop
into complete organisms. For example, a new starfish Figure below can
develop from a single ray, or arm. In addition to starfish, this type of
reproduction is common among some worms, fungi and plants. Many of
these organisms are also capable of sexual reproduction. Most lichens, which
form from a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and photosynthetic
algae or bacteria, reproduce through fragmentation. This ensures that new
individuals contain both symbionts
Budding
In budding, organisms reproduce by having new individuals split off from
existing ones, which results in genetically identical parent and daughter
organisms. The bud may stay attached or break free from the parent.
Eukaryotic organisms, such as the single cell yeast and multicellular hydra,
undergo budding Figure below.
FRAGMENTATION BUDDING
THANK YOU
BY-RISHI
SHIVHARE
CLASS-XTH