Intelligence and Its

Measurement
What Is Intelligence?
• We may define intelligence as a multidimensional capacity that establishes itself in
different ways across the life span. In general, intelligence includes the abilities to:
■ acquire and apply knowledge
■ reason logically
■ plan effectively
■ infer perceptively
■ make sound judgments and solve problems
■ grasp and visualize concepts
■ pay attention
■ be intuitive
■ find the right words and thoughts with facility
■ cope with, adjust to, and make the most of new situation
Intelligence as Abstract Thinking
• The French government wanted to objectively
identify slow and fast learners
• Alfred Binet and Henri Simon (1904) - first
intelligence test
• Diverse content:
• object naming
• word meanings
• drawing pictures from memory
• completing incomplete sentences
• constructing a sentence from three words
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Standard progressive matrices
Raven’s Progressive Matrices IQ Test
Raven Standard Progressive Matrices
Purpose: Designed to measure a person’s ability to form perceptual relations.
Population: Ages 6 to adult.
Score: Percentile ranks.
Time: (45) minutes.
Author: J.C. Raven.
Publisher: U.S. Distributor: The Psychological Corporation.
Description: The Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) was designed to measure a person’s ability to form
perceptual relations and to reason by analogy independent of language and formal schooling, and may be
used with persons ranging in age from 6 years to adult. It is the first and most widely used of three instruments
known as the Raven's Progressive Matrices, the other two being the Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM)
and the Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM). All three tests are measures of Spearman's g.
Scoring: The SPM consists of 60 items arranged in five sets (A, B, C, D, & E) of 12 items each. Each item
contains a figure with a missing piece. Below the figure are either six (sets A & B) or eight (sets C through E)
alternative pieces to complete the figure, only one of which is correct. Each set involves a different principle or
"theme" for obtaining the missing piece, and within a set the items are roughly arranged in increasing order of
difficulty. The raw score is typically converted to a percentile rank by using the appropriate norms.
Suggested Uses: Recommended uses include measurement of a person’s ability to form perceptual relations
and reason by analogy in research settings.
Psychometrics properties
Reliability: Internal consistency studies using either the split-half method corrected for length or KR20
estimates result in values ranging from .60 to .98, with a median of .90. Test-retest correlations range
from a low of .46 for an eleven-year interval to a high of .97 for a two-day interval. The median test-
retest value is approximately .82. Coefficients close to this median value have been obtained with time
intervals of a week to several weeks, with longer intervals associated with smaller values. Raven
provided test-retest coefficients for several age groups: .88 (13 yrs. plus), .93 (under 30 yrs.), .88 (30-39
yrs.), .87 (40-49 yrs.), .83 (50 yrs. and over).
Validity: Spearman considered the SPM to be the best measure of g. When evaluated by factor
analytic methods which were used to define g initially, the SPM comes as close to measuring it as one
might expect. The majority of studies which have factor analyzed the SPM along with other cognitive
measures in Western cultures report loadings higher than .75 on a general factor. Concurrent validity
coefficients between the SPM and the Stanford-Binet and Weschler scales range between .54 and .88,
with the majority in the .70s and .80s.
Norms: Norm groups included in the manual are: British children between the ages of 6 and 16; Irish
children between the ages of 6 and 12; military and civilian subjects between the ages of 20 and 65. A
supplement includes norms from Canada, the United States, and Germany.
• Overview: Assess nonverbal abilities at three levels
• Age Range: 6:0-16:0, 17:0+
• Administration: Paper-and-Pencil
• Qualification

• Completion Time: Untimed, individual or Group: 20-45 minutes

• Forms: Classic, Parallel or Plus version
• Scores/Interpretation: Summary and detailed percentiles
• Scoring Options: Manual Scoring
A1.

TEST DE RAVEN
A2.
A3.
A4.
A5.
A6.
A7.
A8.
A9.
A10.
A11.
A12.
End Part 1 of IQ Test
B1.
B2.
B3.
B4.
B5.
B6.
B7.
B8.
B9.
B10.
B11.
B12.
End Part 2 of IQ Test
C1.
C2.
C3.
C4.
C5.
C6.
C7.
C8.
C9.
C10.
C11.
C12.
End Part 3 of IQ Test
D1.
D2.
D3.
D4.
D5.
D6.
D7.
D8.
D9.
D10.
D11.
D12.
End Part 4 of IQ Test
E1.
E2.
E3.
E4.
E5.
E6.
E7.
E8.
E9.
E10.
E11.
E12.
End Part 5 of IQ Test
SOCRING KEY
IQ RANGE
IQ
70 80 90 100 110 120 130
#correct 2 11 21 30 39 49 58