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IGCSE Chemistry-Tests For Anions, Cations and Gases
IGCSE Chemistry-Tests For Anions, Cations and Gases
IGCSE Chemistry-Tests For Anions, Cations and Gases
Tests for
i Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ using flame tests
ii NH4+, using sodium hydroxide solution and identifying
Cations are
positively
charged ions
What’s a cation (and now
we mention it, what’s an
anion?)
Cations are
positively
Cations are
positively
charged ions
charged ions
Sodium ions, Na+, and
Magnesium ions, Mg2+,
are examples of cations
Sodium ions, Na+, and
Magnesium ions, Mg2+,
are examples of cations
Anions are
negatively
Anions are
negatively
charged ions
charged ions
Chloride ions, Cl-, and
oxide ions, O2-, are
examples of anions
Chloride ions, Cl-, and
oxide ions, O2-, are
examples of anions
RESULT?
Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ using
flame tests
Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ using
flame tests
Lithium RED
STRONG PERSISTENT
Sodium ORANGE
Potassium LILAC (PINK)
Calcium ORANGE-RED
NH4+, using sodium hydroxide
solution and identifying the
ammonia produced
NH4+, using sodium hydroxide
solution and identifying the
ammonia produced
Eg.
Eg
Eg.
STANDARD PROCEDURE:
RESULT:
With a chloride solution, a
white precipitate of silver
chloride is formed:
RESULT:
With a bromide solution, a
pale yellow precipitate of
silver bromide is formed:
RESULT:
With an iodide solution, a
yellow precipitate of silver
iodide is formed:
Halide Results:
STANDARD PROCEDURE:
RESULT:
A white precipitate shows
the presence of a sulphate
STANDARD PROCEDURE:
RESULT:
RESULT:
CaCO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Calcium
Limewater carbonate +
Hydrochloric
acid
g) Tests for ions and gases
You need
to know
these!
Tests for gases
1. Hydrogen
Hydrogen gas
Hydrochloric acid
Magnesium ribbon
Tests for gases
1. Hydrogen
Hydrogen gas
Hydrochloric acid
Magnesium ribbon
Tests for gases
1. Hydrogen
POP!
Hydrogen gas
Hydrochloric acid
Magnesium ribbon
Tests for gases
1. Hydrogen
POP!
To test for
hydrogen, use a
burning splint.
Hydrogen gas
The gas will
Hydrochloric acid
explode with a
Magnesium ribbon
squeaky ‘pop’.
Tests for gases
2. Oxygen
Oxygen gas
Hydrogen peroxide
Glowing splint
Oxygen gas
Hydrogen peroxide
Splint re-lights
Oxygen gas
Hydrogen peroxide
Splint re-lights
Oxygen gas
Hydrogen peroxide
Bubbles of carbon
dioxide
Hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Calcium carbonate
Tests for gases
3. Carbon dioxide
Delivery tube
Bubbles of carbon
dioxide
Hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Calcium carbonate
Tests for gases
3. Carbon dioxide
To test for carbon Delivery tube
dioxide, bubble the
gas through
limewater. After a
short while the
limewater will go
milky-white.
Bubbles of carbon
dioxide
Hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Calcium carbonate
Tests for gases
3. Carbon dioxide
To test for carbon Delivery tube If carbon dioxide
dioxide, bubble the continues to be
gas through bubbled through
limewater. After a limewater, the liquid
short while the will eventually go
limewater will go clear again.
milky-white.
Bubbles of carbon
dioxide
Hydrochloric acid
Limewater
Calcium carbonate
Tests for gases
4. Ammonia
Tests for gases
4. Ammonia
Tests for gases
4. Ammonia