ORGANIC

Chemisty
CHAPTER-22
Rizwan Ahmed
It is the study of Carbon
Complex molecules

Carbons
Its an element with the mass
number of 12 and atomic number
of 6. Leaving it’s outer shell to
have 4 electrons. So it means that
it can single bond with four
element, e.g. Hydrogen, or double
both with 2 elements. Making it
the core of Organic Chemistry.

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Carbon Compounds

The Carbon Compounds exist as Chain, Branched Chain or

even rings of chains.

Ethane, Propane are one of the simplest version of it, where the carbons are bonded
together with hydrogen.

All the compound Chains are

Covalently bonded 3
HydroCarbons

It is the simplest compounds found on

Organic Chemistry. Hydrocarbons consist of
Hydrogen and Carbon. Other organic
Compound also consist of Hydrogen, but in
Hydrocarbons it will ‘Only’ consist
Hydrogen and Carbon.

Examples of HydroCarbons: Decane, Pentane, Ethene,

Butene, etc.
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Alkanes Alkenes Alcohols
The
THESE ARE THE THREE TYPES OF formula
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CnH2n+2

Alkanes
They are saturated Hydrocarbon, which means the compound ‘only’ contains single C-
C bonds. The organic compound with ‘ane’ at the end falls under the category of
Alkanes. For example Ethane, Propane, Butane and so on…

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Alkanes Alkenes Alcohols
The
THESE ARE THE THREE TYPES OF formula
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CnH2n

Alkenes
They are the Unsaturated Organic Compounds , which means they consist of Double or
Triple C-C compounds. The Organic Compound which ends with ‘ene’ falls under the
Category of Alkenes. For example: Ethene, Propene, Butene.

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Alkanes Alkenes Alcohols
THESE ARE THE THREE TYPES OF The formula
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CnH2nO

Alcohols
They are Organic Compounds where an Oxygen Element is bonded with the Carbons
and Hydrogens. The Organic Compounds ending with ‘ol’ falls under the category of
Alcohols. For example: Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol

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 Displayed And Structural Formulae

A Displayed Formula
shows All the Bond of a Carbon Molecule as
individual lines.
ETHANE

A Structural Formula
shows All the Element of the Carbon Molecule.
Each line represents a pair of shared electrons.

CH3CH3 8
 Structural
ISOMERS
Each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different
arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.
Isomer of C4H10

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 Combustion, Addition and
Substitution Reaction

Combustion Addition
Reaction where burning Reaction where the
is involves which compounds combines into a
include Oxygen. new compound without
taking anything away

Substitution
Reaction where atoms
are replaced according
to the reactivity series
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THE END