Influenza virus

Presents by:
– Arooba Akram # 02
– Kinza Khan # 08
– Fatima Akram # 32
 Introduction
• members of the family Orthomyxoviridae.
• represents enveloped viruses .
• segmented negative-sense single-strand RNA
segments.
• Having replication cycle differs from other minus strand
RNA viruses.
Taxonomy
• Group V: Negative sense ssRNA viruses.
• Family: Orthomyxoviridae
• Genus: alphainfluenza
• Betainfluenzavirus
• Gammainfluenzavirus
• Deltainfluenza
• isavirus
• Quaranjavirus
• Thogotovirus
 Species
• Influenza A virus
• Influenza B virus
• Influenza C virus
• Influenza D virus
• Quaranfil quaranjavirus
• Salmon isavirus
• Thogoto thogotovirus
• Dhori thogotovirus
• Johnston Atoll quaranjavirus
Virion structure and organization

Spherical or filamentous in shape.

virions are 80-120 nm in diameter.
Three integral membrane proteins;
HA,NA and M2,overlay M1 protein.
M1 protein encloses virion core.
 Genome Structure
• Segmented ssRNA(-) linear genome.
• Encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP).
• Contains 8 segments coding for 11 proteins.
• Segments size range from 890 to 2,341nt.
• Genome total size is 13.5Kb.
Function of virus proteins
Life Cycle of Influenza Virus
 Enzymes
• RNA-dependant RNA Polymerase: plays a role in RNA
replication and transcription. It catalyzes the synthesis
of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA
template.
• Cap Snatching
endonuclease:
• Neuraminidase:
 Host
• Natural host:
aquatic birds, human, pig, horse
• Cell tropism:
epithelial respiratory cells
• Interactions:
cell receptors: Sialic acid
 Ecology and disease
• Worldwide, more common in winter
• Cause acute febrile respiratory tract infection
• transmitted by:
Mammals: respiratory Zoonosis, animal contact
Birds: fecal-oral route from contaminated water
 Vaccines
• Influenza (flu) vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary.
• vaccine varies from season to season and depends
on the similarity or “match” between the viruses in the
vaccine and those in circulation.
• Most flu vaccines are “flu shots” given with a needle,
usually in the arm, but there also is a nasal spray flu
vaccine.
• Killed vaccine against annual strains of both influenza
A and B.