ENVIRONMANTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT (EIA)
 Due to public pressure on the government to
accept ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE
ACTIVITIES of its agencies.
 The National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) was formed in USA during 1970.
 Basis for the development of a mechanism
which came to be known as Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA).
EIA - ACT 1994
 Under the Environmental (Protection) Act
1986, Govt. promulgated an EIA notification
making Environmental Clearance (EC)
mandatory for:
 Expansion or Modernization of any activity or for
setting up new projects as specified in
Schedule- Page 14, EIA Notification 2016
 LIST OF PROJECTS OR
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING PRIOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE
1. Mining, Coal Washeries, minerals,
2. Material Production: Metallurgical industries, Cement.
3. Manufacturing/Fabrication: Chemical, pesticides, distillery, pulp paper
4. Service Sector: Oil & Gas Transportation, Hazardous Waste Services
5. Physical Infrastructure including Environmental Services: Industrial
Estate, Highways, Port, Harbor, CETP, Solid Waste Management
6. Building /Construction projects/Area Development projects and
Townships

No EIA for Irrigation, Canals, Water Treatment Plant, Pumping station,

Water and Wastewater Conveyance, Sewage Treatment Plant, Railways,,
 MAIN OBJECTIVE OF EIA

 To foresee the potential

environmental problems that would
arise out of a proposed development
and address them in the project's
planning and design stage
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE
 Category A Projects require clearance from
MoEFCC (Large or High Impact projects)
 Category B projects from State
Environmental Impact Assessment Committee
WHAT IS THE CATEGORY OF
MY PROJECT ?
 A
 B
 OR FALLS IF UNDER COASTAL
REGULATION ZONE
STEP-1
SCREENING

 Screening is done to see whether a

project requires environmental clearance
as per the statutory notifications
 Screening Criteria are based upon
1. Scale of investment
2. Type of Development
3. Location of Development
SCREENING

 Submit Form No. 1 (Page 22-29 EIA 2006) to

Central or State Environmental Impact EIA
committee.
 They Will check whether or not the project or
activity requires further environmental studies for
preparation of an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
 Form 1-A (Page 22-29: EIA 2006) : For
Construction with built-up area of 20,000 m 2
STEP-2
SCOPING
 Scoping is a process of detailing in terms of
reference of EIA by Central or State
Environment Ministry. (
Typical Example: Annexure 1)
 This stage identifies the key issues and
impacts that should be further investigated.
This stage also defines the boundary and
time limit of the study.
 The Ministry has published guidelines for this
for different sectors
STEP-3
IMPACT ANALYSIS
 This stage of EIA identifies and predicts the
likely environmental and social impact of the
proposed project and evaluates the significance.
 STEP-1: Baseline Data Collection: To
measure an impact, we must know what the
baseline situation is- Existing Environmental
Condition.
 STEP-2 Study the impact of Project on each
parameter such as Air, Water, Soil, Socio-
economic etc.,
STEP-4
MITIGATION

 This step in EIA recommends the actions

to reduce and avoid the potential
adverse environmental consequences
of development activities.
 Step 4: Report Preparation
 Step 5: Review of Report by the EIA
Committee
 Step-6 Decision Making: rejected,
approved or needs further change.
 Step 7: Post monitoring: It checks the
implementation of the mitigation measures
in EIA report.

ADDITIONAL STEP : PUBLIC HEARING & CONSULTATION

 1a. Preliminary Assessment of 1b. Preliminary Assessment of
& Scoping
Existing Environment- Form 1 Proposed Project- Form 1
Screening

1Selection of Environmental Parameters- Scoping- TOR from MoEFCC

2. Environmental Parameters Studies

Baseline
Studies

3 a. Collection of Existing 3 b. Field Surveys

Information

4. Description and Evaluation of Environmental Systems

Impact Assesment
& Prediction

6. Prediction, evaluation of direct,

indirect and cumulative impacts

7. Proposed Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Mitigation &
Monitoring

8. Proposed Monitoring Measures

 EIA REPORT FORMAT

 Introduction of the project –(5-10 Lines)

 Benefits of the Project – (5-10 Lines)
 Layout Map
 Description of the Environment (10-20
Pages)-
A typical Report is provided in Annexure
 Environmental Impact on each component
and Mitigation by Suitable Environmental
Measures (EMP) (5-10 Pages)
DESCRIPTION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT (10 km RADIUS)

 Biological Environment
 Land/Soil Environment
 Noise Environment
 Water Environment (Surface Water)
 Air Environment
 Socio-Economic Environment
DESCRIPTION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT (10 km RADIUS)
Water Quantity, quality, reliability,
In characterizing the accessibility
baseline situation,
Soils Erosion, crop productivity,
many environmental fallow periods, salinity, nutrient
components MAY be concentrations

of interest Fauna Populations, habitat

The components of Env Health Disease vectors, pathogens

interest are those that are & Socio-economic
likely to be affected by
Flora Composition and density of
your activity—or upon natural vegetation, productivity,
which your activity key species
depends for its success
Air & Noise
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
(10-20 PAGES)
Refer: Chapter 3 of the EIA Report
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT &
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
 Biological Environment
 Land/Soil Environment
 Noise Environment
 Water Environment (Surface Water)
 Air Environment
 Socio-Economic Environment
TYPES OF IMPACTS & THEIR
ATTRIBUTES
Direct & indirect
The EIA process is impacts
concerned with
Short-term & long-
all types of impacts and term impacts
may describe them in a
Adverse & beneficial
number of ways
impacts
Cumulative impacts
 Intensity
 Direction
 Spatial extent
 Duration
 Frequency
 Reversibility
 Probability
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
MITIGATION MEASURES
 Construction Phase
 Air Pollution Control by Equipments
 Dust Suppression measures
 Scientific disposal of dredged material
 Operation Phase
 Roadside Plantation by Fast Growing trees
A TYPICAL MATRIX FOR
IMPACTS & EMP FOR
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
Environme Potential Potential Source of Controls Through EMP
ntal Impacts Impact and Design
Component

Construction Phase  The species and

Site Development number of trees have
during construction been identified and
Displacem marked.
Biological
ent of Operation Phase  Suitable green belt
Environme
flora and Increase of green (69 Ha) will be
nt (Flora &
fauna on cover developed as per
Fauna)
site landscaping plan on
the site using local
flora, which will
 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Environm Potential Potential Source of Controls Through EMP and Design
ental Impacts Impact
Compone
nts
Construction Phase  Use of well maintained equipments fitted
Operation of with silencers.
construction  Providing noise shields near the heavy
equipments and construction operations.
vehicles during site  High noise producing activity will be limited
development. to day-time hours only.
 Use of personal protective equipments
(PPE) like ear muffs and ear plug for
Noise
Noise workers during construction activities.
Environme
Emissions Operation Phase  Implementation of engineering noise
nt
Noise from control measures by respective user
industries industries.
Noise from vehicle  Provision of greenbelt in respective user
movement industry.
 69 hectare green belt development and
development of silence zones for traffic
movement..
 SURFACE WATER
ENVIRONMENT
Environm
ental
Potential
Impacts
Potential Source of
Impact
Controls Through EMP and Design

Compone
nts
Construction Phase
Wastewater Septic Tank
generated from labor
colony, if any
provided.
Operation Phase  Wastewater from all industrial and commercial
Wastewater establishments is treated to tertiary level in
CETP and reused for non potable purpose.
Water Surface water Generation from
Sludge to be composted on site along with
Sources contamination Industries &
commercial areas. organic waste.
Oil contamination  Tank placed in a containment facility.
from underground
tank storage
facilities
A TYPICAL MATRIX FOR
IMPACTS & EMP FOR
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE