DIETARY FIBER

► Dietary fiber is that part of plant material that is not

hydrolysed by enzymes secreted by human digestive
enzymes but digested by microflora in the gut.
► which includes cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic
substances, gums, mucilages and a non-carbohydrate
component lignin.
► The diets rich in fiber such as cereals, nuts, fruits and
vegetables .
► Dietary fiber can be used in various functional foods
► bakery, drinks, beverages and meat products.
► RDA 25 to 30 g/day
Classification of dietary fiber
►most appropriately dietary fibre is
classified into two categories
► water- insoluble/less fermented
fibres:
► cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
► water- soluble/well fermented
fibres:
► pectin, gums and mucilages
CELLULOSE
►It is the major cell wall component in
plants, an unbranched linear chain of
several thousand glucose units with β-1,
4 glucosidic linkages.
► Cellulose is not digested to any
extent by the enzymes of the human
gastrointestinal system.
 HEMICELLULOSE
►Present along with cellulose

►Present in outerbran layer of cereals and

legumes

► They contain mostly xylose and some

galactose, mannose, arabinose and other
sugars
 Gums and mucilages
►These are the types of plant fibers that are not
cell wall components but are formed in
specialized secretory plant cells
► These are reported to be highly branched
polysaccharides that form gels, bind water and
other organic material
►Animal gums are chitin ,chondritan sulphate
► They mainly consist of guar gum and gum Arabic.
► Mucilage's are produced by plant to protect
endosperm of seed
 LIGNIN
►Part of secondary cell wall of plants
► They are not carbohydrate
►Biopolymer consisting of phenols and
other molecule
► Insoluble in water,water holding
capacity.
►Found in flax seeds,strawberries,root
vegetables
 PECTIN
►Pectin substances are a complex group
of polysaccharides in which D
galacturonic acid is a principal
constituent.
► They are structural components of
plant cell walls and also act as
intercellular cementing substances.
► Pectin is highly water-soluble and is
almost completely metabolized by
colonic bacteria.
Beta Glucan
Polymers of D glucose
Present in Oats and barley
Lower blood cholesterol and
sugar
 Functions of Dietary fiber
● Reduce blood glucose level
● Reduce cholesterol
● Improve bowel function reduced
constipation
● Enhance insulin sensitivity
● Helps in weight control
● Improve immunity
● Protect from colorectal cancer
PREBIOTICS

Substances are not digested by human small intestinal

enzymes,provide favourable physiological effects and health benefits
to the host by selectively stimulating the growth and bioactivity of
beneficial microorganisms already present in the large
intestine/colon
Prebiotics
Substrate that reach the large intestine
undigested and metabolised by
microflora of the colon represent a
special class of dietary fiber known as
prebiotics.
Stimulate the growth and bioactivity of.
 RESISTANT STARCH
⮚Portion of starch escape from digestive
enzyme in small intestine and pass in
to the colon
⮚Cereal grains,Fruits,vegetables are the
sources of resistant starch
⮚Shortchain fattyacid (butyric acid)are
produced during fermentation
⮚Protect from colon cancer
 Application of dietary fiber in
functional foods
► foods enriched in fiber, breakfast cereals
and bakery products such as integral breads
and cookies , milk and meat derived
products.

► Glucose release is also significantly

reduced by the addition of soluble dietary
fiber.
Application of dietary fiber in
food industry
►In bread making, the incorporation of fiber
ingredients reported to increase the water hydration
values of flour
►orange peel and pulp could be incorporated in
making biscuits, as they are a suitable source of
dietary fiber with associated bioactive compounds
(flavonoids, carotenoids etc.)
►. The addition of dietary fiber to bakery products also
improves their nutritional quality .
►it makes possible to decrease the fat content,
 contd
►Guar gum, pectin's and inulin are also added
during cheese processing to decrease its% fat
with out effecting such as texture and flavor.
► beverages and drinks, the addition of dietary
fiber increases their viscosity and stability,
► soluble fibers, such as pectin's, inulin, guar
gum , are utilized as functional ingredients in
the milk products .
►Fermented milk enriched with citrus
fiber(orange and lemon) had good
acceptability
RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE

►RDA of carbohydrate 130g/day.

►Pregnancy 175g/day
►Quantities of nutrients to provide in the diet
daily.
►Lactation 200g/day