general

chemistry 2
ANGELIKA R. LEE
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
MODEL
 learning competencies
Use the kinetic molecular model to explain properties
of liquids and solid (STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-99)

Describe and differentiate the types of intermolecular

forces (STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-100)
 learning objectives
At the end of the lesson, I will be able to:
Compare the properties of liquids and solids with those
of gases.

Describe the characteristic movement of the particle of

gas, liquid and solid.

Apply the kinetic molecular theory to describe liquids

and solids.
P R E - T E ST
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic
of liquids?

A. Liquids have the ability to flow.

B. The particles of a liquid are not attracted to each
other.
C. The particles of liquids are closer together than
particles of gases.
D. Liquids conform to the shape of their container.
P R E - T E ST
2. Which of the following explains that liquids
cannot be compressed easily?

A. The particles are too far apart.

B. The particles are arranged in a fixed position.
C. The particles are too close together to be
squished any closer.
D. The particles are free to move and simply move
away from each other when we try to squish them
P R E - T E ST
3. When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and
Cl ions result. What do you call the force of
attraction that exists between Na+ and H2O?

A. dipole-dipole
B. ion-ion
C. hydrogen bonding
D. ion-dipole
P R E - T E ST
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic
of liquids?

A. Liquids have the ability to flow.

B. The particles of a liquid are not attracted to each
other.
C. The particles of liquids are closer together than
particles of gases.
D. Liquids conform to the shape of their container.
P R E - T E ST
5. Kinetic-molecular theory makes several
assumptions about ________________.

A. The size and energy of the molecules.

B. The motion and energy of the molecules.
C. The motion and size of the molecules
D. The size and weight of the molecules
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) is a model used to
explain the behavior of matter and that all matter is made
up of particles and these particles are always in motion. It
is based on a series of postulates.
 • Matter is made of particles that are constantly in
motion. This energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
SOME OF
• The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related
THE to its temperature.

POSTULATE • There is space between particles. The amount of space

in between particles is related to the substance's state of
S OF KMT matter.

ARE AS • Phase changes happen when the temperature of the

substance changes sufficiently.
FOLLOWS: • There are attractive forces in between particles called
intermolecular forces. The strength of these forces
increase as particles get closer together.
SOME OF • Matter is made of particles that are constantly in
motion. This energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
THE
POSTULATE
S OF KMT
ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
 • Matter is made of particles that are constantly in
motion. This energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
SOME OF
• The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related
THE to its temperature.

POSTULATE • There is space between particles. The amount of space

in between particles is related to the substance's state of
S OF KMT matter.

ARE AS • Phase changes happen when the temperature of the

substance changes sufficiently.
FOLLOWS: • There are attractive forces in between particles called
intermolecular forces. The strength of these forces
increase as particles get closer together.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
versus
Intramolecular Forces
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
1. Dipole-dipole forces.
Attractive force between polar molecules, that is,
between molecules that possess dipole moments.

Their origin is electrostatic, and they can be understood

in terms of Coulomb’s Law.

Dipole-dipole interactions are the strongest

intermolecular force of attraction.
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
2. Hydrogen Bonding.

A special type of dipole-dipole interaction between

hydrogen atom in a polar bond such as N-H, O-H, or F-H.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
2. Ion-dipole Forces.

It is attraction forces between an ion and a polar molecule

to each other.

The strength of this interaction depends on the charge and

size of the molecule.
ION-DIPOLE FORCES
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
3. Vander Waals Forces.
(London Dispersion Forces)

Weakest forces of attraction.

Anything can do Vander Waals Forces.

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Which of the following exhibits dipole-
dipole attraction between molecules?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Which of the following exhibits dipole-
dipole attraction between molecules?
THANK
YOU!
Any questions? Don't hesitate to
ask for our help

ANGELIKA R. LEE