It is means directing your

readers to the exact sources of

data or information stated in
your report, particularly those
stated in the review of related
literature.
1. Harvardian
2. Vancouver
3. Turibian
4. APA ( American Psychological Association )
5. MLA ( Modern Language Association)
It is also called Author-Date-
Style
Often used in the field of
natural science and social
sciences
Uses space and time
Gives only brief information in
the text citation
Gives the full biographical
details in the reference list
Items in the REFERENCES are
arranged alphabetically
1. IN-TEXT-CITATION OR
CITATION
Enclosed in parentheses, is found in
the body of the text.
2. REFERENCE LIST
Found at the end of the book
1. Write inside the parentheses only the
family name of the author
2. Followed by the year of publication
3. If some words were copied verbatim,
next is the number of the page where the
copied words of the author are found.
4. Another style of citation is writing the
family name of the author separately,
only the date is enclosed in parentheses
(Lizardo, 2016) (Millares, 2017)
(Decena, Obeza, Jurado, 2016, pp. 120-130)
(Fortun et al., 2016)
According to Gregorio (2017)
Olivares (2016) maintains that…
A study on the Yolanda tent House is a “doable research work”
1. No need to number each references
2. For each entry under the title, write the book
information in this order:
a. full author’s surname and first name and
middle name initials(optional)
b. date of publication
c. title of the book or periodical
d. place of publication
e. the publisher
1. One author
Fajardo, J.A. 2016. The Ebola Virus. Quezon City: GB
Press.
Perez, B.M.2017. The Philippine Constitution: The
highest law of the land. Manila: Adarna Publishing
House.
2. Two authors
Oropesa, N.C. and David, J.L. 2017.Palawan
penal colony. Baguio City: KLM Company
Reynoso, M.R. and Saballa, J.M. 2017. Academic
freedom. Manila: National Bookstore.
3. Three or more authors (list the names in the order they
appear on the title page.)
Revilla, C.A., Bautista, C.C., and Vinuya, G.F. 2017.
Boy scout jamborees. Pasay City: ABC Press.
Manaloto, J.D., Garcia, B.C., and Ferrer, S.V.
2017. The victims of super-typhoon Yolanda.
Quezon City: Abiva Publishing House.
4. Three or more authors (use the name of the first author listed
on the title page.)

Sonora, E.N. et al. 2016. Regional trial courts. Quezon

City: Rex Bookstore.
Sevilla, V. et al. 2016. Labour strikes. Pasig City: Hope Press.
5. Anonymous Author(if the authorship of a work is KNOWN but not revealed on
the title page, the name is given in brackets.)

[Valerio, E.]. The millennium condominium craze. 2016.

Nowhere: Nonesuch Press.
[Valderon, L.]. Non-verbal language. 2016. Nowhere: Nonesuch
Publication.
6. Editor, Translator, Compiler
Pareja, G. F. 2016. ed. Pacquiao’s lucky charm. Manila: PH Press.
Orosa, L. F. 2016. comp. Merging of banks. Quezon City: Abiva
Publishing House.
Floro, J.S. 2016. Students’ Activities. trans. Makati City: Rex Press.
7. Editor, Translator, Compiler with an Author
Lauriano, G. F. 2016. Language Textbook writing. Edited by Gina
Alamares and Ching Cortez. Manila: PH Press.
Bravo, Luisa F. 2016. Faculty Evaluation System. Compiled by Baby
Lapid. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing House.
Clemente, J.S. 2016. Pope Francis’ papal visits. Translated by Carina
Davalos. Makati City: Rex Press.
8. Organization, Association, or Corporation as
Author
International Monetary Fund, 2008. Survey of Asian
Economies. Vol. 6, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and
Philippines New York International Monetary Fund.
9. No Ascertainable Publication Facts
Ramona, L. The rise and fall of the Marcos
regime. (n.p., n.d.)
Soriano, D. Western law schools. (n.p., n.d.)
10. Popular Magazines
Salvador, M. March 2016. “The Chinese Dishes,”
Panorama, pp.23-26.
Olarte, A. May 8, 2016. “Catholicism in Asia.” World
Mission, p. 8.
11. Newspapers
Abad, C.S. “Gated subdivisions in Caloocan City,” 2016.
Philippine Daily Inquirer. 7 May.
Manila Bulletin. 2017. Editorial, 2 December.
Malaya. 2016. Editorial, 18 July.
12. Interviews
Ballesteros, F. April 2016. “K-12 curriculum: Interview
with Felicitas Ballesteros.” Interview by Anabelle Dela Cruz.
The Manila Bulletin.
Temple, E. May 2016. “High-school dropouts: Interview
with Dr. Juan Barrameda.” Interview by Lucy Amarillo.
The Daily Tribune.
13. Theses, Dissertations, and Other Unpublished Works
Villarica, G. D. 2016. “Contemporary Language Theories.” Ph. D. diss.,
U.P. Diliman
Dadulla, R. D. 2016. “Strategies and Skills in Solving Problems on
System of Linear Equations in Two Variables Among Grade – VIII
STE of Dr. Ramon De Santos National High School, Cuyapo, Nueva
Ecija” M.A.T., St. Mary’s University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya.
14. Slides and Film’s Videocassettes
Gaudencio, K. C. 2016. “Family Planning.” Quezon
City: Palmall Press. Slides.
Arenas, E. A. 2017. “Philippine Rental Laws.” Manila: SSG
Press. Filmstrip.
1. Signed article in a magazine
Duterte, R. July 2016. “Social-media networks.” Personality
growth. http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/.

2. Unsigned article in a magazine

“Unstructured interview. August 2016.” BusinessTrendsmagazine.
http://www.BusTrendscom/BusTrends/ Trends/ctshoot.htmlz.
3. Article in Journal
“Linguistic competence. 18 May 2016”. English Forum.
http://www.jhu.edu/English Studies Journal/vol.83/83.1 strethson.html/.

4. Article in Newspaper
Lepanto, J. “globalization vs. climate change.” 21 December 2016. New
Daily Life Star. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/26world/28 MIDE.html.
5. An Editorial
“Political Dynasty in the Philippines. 7 July 2016”. Editorial. Philippine Daily
Inquirer. http://www.a-pinq.com/ed/2016/24.html.

6. Online books
Litchten, F. D. 2016. American pragmatics.
http://AMPRA2etext2014/14w0310txtz.
7. CD-RM/Diskette
Dizon, P.B. April 2016. “Herbal treatment.” Manila Post News
Bank. TI Manila Post News Bank. CD-ROM. News Bank.
“Domestic helper.” 2016. The Oxford Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM.
Oxford UP.