STEAM TURBINE &

ANCILLARIES
STEAM
TURBINE AND
ANCILLERIES
Steam Turbine
Steam turbines extract heat from steam
and transform it in to mechanical work by
expanding the steam from high
pressure to low pressure.
STEAM TURBINE
HP STEAM

MP
STEAM LP
STEAM CONDENSATE
STEAM TURBINE

TURBINE COUPLING GEAR BOX

 COMPONENTS OF STEAM
TURBINE

EXCITER PILOT
HIGH SPEED GEAR BOX LOW GENERATOR
TURBINE SPEED
EXCITER
COUPLING
COUPLING
When steam is allowed to expand through a
narrow orifice, it assumes kinetic energy
at the expense of its enthalpy (heat
energy). This kinetic energy of steam is
changed to mechanical (rotational) energy
through the impact (impulse) or reaction
of steam against the blades.
As the steam moves over the blades, its
direction is continuously changing and
centrifugal pressure exerted as the result is
normal to the blade surface at all points.
The total motive force acting on the blades
is thus the resultant of all the centrifugal
forces plus the change of momentum. This
causes the rotational motion of blades.
 Different Types of TG

1. According to the steam condition at Inlet to

TG
Low pressure Turbine – Steam Pressure 1.2 to 2 ata
Medium Pressure Turbine – Steam Pressure 2 to 40
ata
High pressure Turbine- Steam Pressure 40 to 170
ata
Very high pressure Turbine >170 ata <225 ata
Turbine of supercritical Pressure >225 ata
2. On the basis of Condenser location
Under slung condenser
Pannier Condenser

3. Automatic & Non automatic Extraction

Turbine (Controlled & non
controlled ) – Extraction is controlled
manually and also varies with load.
4. According to the heat balance arrangement

Condensing Turbine with Regeneration.

Condensing Turbine without Regeneration.
Topping Turbine – Exhaust steam is used for medium &
low pressure Turbine.
Back pressure Turbine – Exhaust steam is used for
industrial or heating purpose.
Low pressure Turbine or Exhaust pressure Turbine –
Exhaust steam from reciprocating engines, Power
hammers are used as inlet steam to TG.
Mixed Pressure TG- Exhaust steam from reciprocating
engines is supplied to the intermediate pressure stages.
Back pressure Turbine with steam extraction from
Intermediate stages at specific pressures for
consumers.
5. According to the direction of steam
flow:-
a). Axial flow TG – Single flow, Double flow
b). Radial flow TG – Hydraulic TG-Flow of
water is perpendicular to shaft.

6. According to the Principle of action of

steam – impulse and Reaction TG
7 According to the no. of cylinders –
Single, Double, Three, four
cylinders.
8. According to the method of governing
 Throttle Governing
 Nozzle Governing
 By pass Governing
9 According to use-
 Constant speed TG- For alternator
 Variable Speed TG- For Turbo
blower, air circulator, pumps, used
in steamers, ships.
10. According to Shaft arrangement –
Tandom compounded
Cross Compounded.

11. Utility TG – Very high capacity, 100

MW & above.
12. Nuclear TG – Energy is generated by
nuclear reaction
13. Solar TG- Steam is generated by heat
of sun.
14. KWU & LMW TG
Impulse Turbine
Steam coming out at a very high
velocity through the fixed nozzle
glides on the blades fixed on the
periphery of the rotor. The blade
change the direction of steam
flow without changing its
pressure .The force due to
change in momentum causes
the rotation of the TG shaft
eg.Delaval ,Cutris ,Rateau TG.
 Reaction Turbine
Steam expands both in fixed and
moving blades continuously as the
steam passes over them. The
pressure drops occurs continuously
over both moving and fixed blades.
Fixed and moving blades are shaped
in such away that the passage
between the blades act as a nozzle,
there is no separate nozzle.
Steam turbines

Steam turbines may

also be classified
as
Back pressure
turbines
Total condensing
turbines
Extraction cum
condensing
turbines
 Steam Turbines
HP steam
Back Pressure turbine:In this
type steam enters the turbine
chamber at high pressure and
expands to Low or medium
pressure. Enthalpy difference
LP / MP is used for generating power /
Steam
HP steam work.

Total Condensing turbine: In

this type, steam entering at
High / medium pressure
condenses in a surface
condenser and work is done
till it reaches the condensing
Condensate pressure.( vacuum)
Extraction – Condensing Turbines
In Extraction cum Condensing HP steam in
steam turbine, High Pressure steam
enters the turbine and passes out
from the turbine chamber in stages.
Figure shows a two stage extraction
cum condensing turbine.In this MP
steam and LP steam pass out to MP LP
meet the process needs. Balance
I
quantity condenses in the surface To process
II

condenser. The Energy difference is

used for generating Power . condensate
 REHEATER

HP IP LP

COUPLING COUPLING COUPLING

REHEATER

CONDENSER
KWU TURBINE
INTERNALS OF STEAM TURBINE
 enser

The primary function of condenser is to condense the

steam into water. It consists of many pipes through which
cold water is passed present in such a way that the steam
comes in contact with these pipes and get heated up which
are taken to the top of the cooling tower. This is where
the CT fan reduces the pressure of hot water thus
reducing the temperature of vaporization of water. This
water is sprinkled from the top to the reservoir present at
the of the cooling tower thus increasing the surface area
of vaporization. This results in loss of heat due to
vaporization as the water evaporates after absorbing heat
from the surrounding droplets. This is how cooling is
achieved in cooling tower. The cooled water is again sent
back to the condenser by the CW pump.
CONDENSOR
Condensate Extraction Pumps
This pump draws condensed water
from the condenser and pumps out
the condensate to the dearator passing
through ejectors, gland steam cooler,
and L.P. heaters. These pumps have
four stages and since the suction is at a
negative pressure, special
arrangements have been made for
providing sealing.

NOV.28,2008
TYPICAL CLOSED CYCLE COOLING
SYSTEM
 CW PUMPS

To give the required pressure to the

Feed water before entering into
boiler

Horizontal barrel type multi stage

pump located at Zero meter height.
The LP heater also known as the low pressure
heaters receives condensed water from the
condenser pumped into it by condensate extraction
pump. LP heaters have a extraction pipe from the
turbine connected to it such that the steam from the
turbine enters the closed shell type heaters. The
condensed water enters these heaters through
pipes which are designed for heat exchange. The
steam coming from the turbine is released over
these pipes carrying condensed water. The water
and steam exchange heat, thus the water in the
pipes gets warmed and the steam condenses in the
shell. The steam which condenses in the shell is
called drip.
 Deaerator
The presence of certain gases, principally
oxygen, carbon-dioxide and ammonia,
dissolved in water is generally considered
harmful because of their corrosive attack
on metals, particularly at elevated
temperatures.

Function of Deaerator is to remove

dissolved gases from the feed water by
mechanical means.
 Principal of Dearation
A. The disassociation of gases from a
mixture of liquid and gases is
directly proportional to the rise of
Temperature.
B. The disassociation of gases from a
mixture of liquid and gases is directly
proportional to the drop of partial
pressure above the liquid surface.
Boiler feed pump
 Boiler Feed Pump
To give the required pressure to the
Feed water before entering into boiler

Horizontal barrel type multi stage

pump located at Zero meter height.
Cross sectional view of Boiler Feed
Pump
THE boiler feed pump feeds water to
high pressure heaters which are closed
type of reheaters. The feed water flows
through the pipes inside the heater &
the steam coming from the turbine flows
through the outer shell. The feed water
gains heat & the steam loses heat &
eventually condenses forming the high
pressure drain which is discharged in
the HPH Flash box.Thus the feed water
is fed to the economiser after passing
through the FRS where some of the
feed water parameters are controlled.
 H2 Seal Oil
Reducer

Governor Oil
Brg.
Oil

l Cooler

MOP
MO
T
?
NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE (EASTERN REGION) CITY CENTRE, DURGAPUR-713216

T h a n k Y
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