Governance Innovation Amidst

Industrial Revolution 4.0

PSPA 1201- Governance and Development

( some slides were adapted from Dr. Calina’s Presentation on Enabling Local Governments Amidst the
I.R 4.0)
 Governance
Pertains to public sector reforms that adhere to the greater role of
private sectors in the delivery of public services which signals the
start of a complex but complementary relation of public and private
sector in satisfying the needs of the society.

Good Governance
The manner in which power is exercised in the management of a
country’s economic and social resources development
Guiding principles of good governance:
Consensus-
Participation Rule of Law Accountability
oriented

Equity and Effectiveness and

Transparency Responsiveness
Inclusiveness Efficiency

Source: http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Young-Hans/2016-02-01/E-Governance-Initiatives-in-India/204109
If we want a government that is responsive to meet
the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Era then it must have a civil service system that
promotes innovation and agility.

But equally important is the dedication of civil

servants to the highest ethical standards amidst
modernization.
Figure 1. Governance Reform Framework (GRF)
(Brillantes and Perante-Calina 2018)
Communication

INSTITUTIONS
Political / Administrative
Efficiency, Effectiveness, Economy
Ethics, Equity & Accountability (5Es + 1A)
FIRE
Ambisyon Natin
Mindsets 2040 Citizen
Behavior SDGs Engagement
Paradigms
Metano Phronetic Claim Holders
Leadership
ia
Duty Bearers

GLOCALIZATION COOPETITION
 Knowledge is the only
meaningful resource today
– Nonaka, et al. 2018
 KNOWLEDGE CREATION
“My ambition was to develop
a new, original, made in Japan
theory, rather than borrowing
theories from elsewhere.”
 Recipient of the Thinkers50 2013 Lifetime
Achievement Award.
 Ikujiro Nonaka became interested in
management and organization while working
for Fuji Electric in 1958.
 He ended up working for the company for nine
years and noticed that most of the new theories
and methods introduced in Japan were coming
PROFESSOR IKUJIRO NONAKA from the US.
 He quit his job and left to study in the US.
http://thinkers50.com/biographies/ikujiro-nonaka/
 The Fourth Industrial
Revolution—characterized by
innovations such as artificial
intelligence, automation, and
bio-technology—is likely to
transform existing systems of
production, management, and
governance.

Source: https://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/sustainabledevelopment/UNDP_
 Automation, artificial intelligence (AI)
and the innovations of the “Fourth
Industrial Revolution” are penetrating
everything from automotive, garment
and electronics manufacturing to
business processes, logistics and
healthcare. The benefits, in terms of
efficiency, productivity, speed and
agility, are undoubted.

Source: https://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/sustainabledevelopment/UNDP_
From Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0
 Rapidly changing world (VUCA)

How do we lead change and embrace that change in the

world of vulnerabilities, uncertainties, complexities and
ambiguities (VUCA)?

Source: https://www.theirm.org/media-centre/latest-news-and-views/an-exploration-of-the-importance-of-the-future-risk-manager-in-understanding-the-impact-
of-risk-leadership-in-a-vuca-world.aspx
 14 STRATEGIC TRENDS 4.0
Source: https://www.ictecosystem.org.ph/?page_id=189#1557218070297-4502aad9-63c5
 According to Hamidah Naziadin, Malaysia CIMB Group Chief People Officer:

“It’s a whole new world … it’s a V.U.C.A world out there!”

VULNERABILITY, UNCERTAINTY,
COMPLEXITY, AMBIGUITY

The most valuable photo The world’s largest taxi

company sells no camera company owns no vehicles
Instagram Uber

The largest accommodation The most valuable

provider owns no real retailor has no inventory
Alibaba
estate
Airbnb

The largest growing The most popular media

television network lays no provider creates no
cables content
Netflix Facebook

Source: http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Young-Hans/2016-02-01/E-
Source(s): Anonymous analyst, Instagram post Governance-Initiatives-in-India/204109
 Why governance is shifting in the
Fourth Industrial Revolution

The complex, transformative and

distributed nature of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution demands a
new type of governance to
address the interlinked dynamics
of the pace and synergistic nature
of emerging technologies; the
transnational impact of
technologies and broader societal
implications; and the political
nature of technologies

Source:http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Agile_Governance_Reimagining_Policymaking_4IR_report.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0SxAP347oQPWPy3_6ip3Sy27s1CjzoN5Iuqs4CTQm5ZE6d0ABikO9b8Sw
 Agile Governance
Industrial Revolution 4.0 requires the transformation of
traditional governance structures and policy-making models

• The concept of agile governance aims to shift the manner in which

policies are generated, deliberated, enacted and enforced

• Enable policy-making that is more inclusive and “human-

centered”

• Ensure long-term sustainability by creating mechanisms to

constantly monitor and “upgrade” policies governing emerging
technologies, as well as by sharing the workload with private
sector and civil society to maintain the relevant checks and
balances
Source:http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Agile_Governance_Reimagining_Policymaking_4IR_report.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0SxAP347oQPWPy3_6ip3Sy27s1CjzoN5Iuqs4CTQm5ZE6d0ABikO9b8Sw
 • What is innovation?

Organizational innovation has been widely examined within

developed nations particularly in the United States of America and
European countries (damanpour, 1991; damanpour, szabat, & evan,
1989; kimberly & evanisko, 1981; lundvall & nielsen, 2007; miller &
friesen, 1982 .
For developing nations like Philippines, studies on innovation are still
in its infancy (ismail, 2005; mohamed, 1995; wan jusoh, 2000; zain &
rickards, 1996).
•What is innovation?
As defined by Gow, an Innovation is "an idea, a technique, or a device
that was new to the adopting body, no matter whether it was
something completely new to the world or something borrowed in
whole or in part.
Most innovations either reflect a desire of political leaders for greater
control of spending, administration, or bureaucrats, or some outside
demand for change" (Gow 1994: 121,130).
 •What is innovation?

In general terms, innovation in governance is a novel idea which is

fruitfully implemented to settle a persistent public problem. It is the act
of perceiving and executing a new way of accomplishing a result and/or
performing work. An invention may contain the integration of new
fundamentals, a new arrangement of prevailing essentials or a
significant change or withdrawal from the outdated way of doing
things.
 Key Factors to Local Innovation

• • A hospitable policy environment. In the case of the

Philippines, the Constitution guarantees the autonomy of local
governments. This was operationalized with the spread of a
local government code that became the basis of initiatives and
attendant risks taken by the local governments.
• • A "triggering crisis." Innovations may be brought about in
response to a crisis, say, environmental degradation, floods, etc.
 Key Factors to Local Innovation

• The United States of America, after the terrorist attack known as the 9/11

bombing, came up to develop a social media platform known as

Intellepedia “ Wikipedia for spies” it transformed the way US spy agencies

handle top-secret information by fostering collaboration across Washington

and around the world. It enhances the exchange of information between the

Federal Bureau of Investigation, CIA and other related agencies, and allied

countries of the United States for improved and heightened security through

information.
 Key Factors to Local Innovation
• Aggressive stakeholders: civil society. The role of civil
society in bringing about, and sustaining, innovation,
must be recognized. They may begin as a pressure
group, or may even initiate the project themselves.
• Inadequacy of Financial Resources. The inadequacy of
financial resources has led local authorities to think of
additional alternative ways of generating revenues apart
from the conventional means, such as taxes and
allotments from national government.
 Key Factors to Local Innovation

• Response to a demand for specific basic service. Local

governments become creative in response to a pressing basic need
that they simply have to respond to and address. Among these are
the so-called basic services including health and housing.

• Attendance in local and international training. Participation in

seminars, workshops, etc., where the local chief executive has been
exposed to new theories and new ways of doing things have also led
to innovations. Long-term training programs sometimes require re-
entry programs that are implemented upon return to the
workplace.
 Key Factors to Local Innovation

• National Programs. While the national government

may provide the policy framework say in addressing
specific basic needs e.g., housing, health care,
infrastructure development, etc., local government
may build upon these and adapt them (some say
"indigenize" the approaches) for local conditions.
 Key Factors to Local Innovation

• Initiated by the University or local academic

institution. Local academic institutions being the
traditional seat of knowledge also have become
sources of new ideas and innovations.
Definition of ‘Smart City’
“A smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses
ICTs and other means to improve quality of life,
efficiency of urban operation and services and
competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs
of present and future generations with respect to
economic, social and environmental aspects.”

- International Telecommunications Union, 2014

Source: https://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/ecn162016d2_en.pdf
 Why Smart Government?

Dumbo government

A government that repeats the same mistake

Government without problem-solving

ability

Inefficient government with low output

with large input

Backward government that rushes later

after an accident
Source: http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Young-Hans/2016-02-01/E-Governance-Initiatives-in-India/204109
 Why Smart Government?

SMART Government
Government with learning ability
Competent government
Effective government
The government preparing in advance

Source: http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Young-Hans/2016-02-01/E-Governance-Initiatives-in-India/204109
SAMPLE CASES SMART CITIES AND LOCAL
INNOVATION
•CURRENT INNOVATIVE
INITIATIVES OF THE CITY OF
ILOILO: A SMART CITY
• ICARE COMMAND CENTER FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION – Gaisano
City Center (ICC) along Diversion Road in Mandurriao district will house
the Iloilo City Action and Response (ICARE) Center.
• The 38-million state-of-the art five story command center, set to start
construction this year, will rise in front of Sta. Rita de cascia Chapel.
• Mayor Jerry P. Trenas and Gaisano capital Group Western Viasayas Vice
Pres. Carlos P. Legara signed Sept.2, the Usufruct agreement for 375-
square meter site. It will house the City Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Office (CDRRMO), Public Safety and Transportation
Management Office (PSTMO), and Police, and Fire Stations.
 Local Governments and Digital Eras and
Frontier Technology
Naga City

o More than forty national

and international
recognition for its best
practices in e-governance

o Taxpayers Information
Network and i-Service
program

o Programs that advanced

access to less privileged
and create systems for the
maintenance of efficient
delivery of public services

Source: http://www.hrinasia.com/hr-tech/the-digital-era-skills-on-demand-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/
 Local Governments and Digital Eras and
Frontier Technology
Cagayan de Oro City
o Excellence in ICT for
Good Governance for
Local Government Units
or eGov awardee through
the implementation of
Internet Online Service
(IOS)
o Crafted programs that
strengthened socio-
economic growth of local
government unit
 Local Governments and Digital Eras and
Frontier Technology
Cebu City
o Pioneered Geographic
Information System
o Real Property Tax
Information System
(RPTIS)
system for
digitalizing records or real
property appraisal or
assessment
o Seal of Good Local
Governance awardee and
E-Readiness Leadership
awardee
 “The illiterate of the 21st century will not be
those who cannot read and write, but those who
cannot learn, unlearn and relearn.”

-Alvin Toffler

Source: https://steemit.com/welcome/@francisxxx/welcome-to-the-21st-century
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)
1. LONDON
Reached top ten in
different indicators of a
smart cities including:
(a) Mobility and
transportation;
(b) Governance;
(c) Technology; and
(d) Urban planning
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)

2. NEW YORK
Reached top one on the
economic dimension and
within top ten in different
indicators including:
(a) Human capital;
(b) Urban planning;
(c) International outreach;
(d) Technology; and
(e) Mobility and
transportation
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)
3. AMSTERDAM
A combination of
financial technology,
energy efficiency, and
culture has been the key
factors of its success as
a smart city.
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)

4. PARIS
Reached within top ten in
different indicators
including:
(a) Economy;
(b) Human capital;
(c) International outreach;
(d) Technology; and
(e) Mobility and
transportation
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)

5. REYKJAVIK
One of the smallest cities to
be included in the index.
Core of its success is the
hydroelectric and
geothermal energy
mechanism of the city
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)

6. TOKYO
One of the highest rates
of labor productivity
Reached within top ten in
different indicators
including:
(a) Economy;
(b) Human capital; and
(c) Environment
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)

7. SINGAPORE
Top one city for
technology
dimensions and fourth
in the international
outreach indicator
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)
8. COPENHAGEN
Reached within top 25 in
different indicators
including:
(a) Technology;
(b) Social cohesion;
(c) Governance;
(d) International outreach;
(e) Mobility and
transportation; and
(f) Economy
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)
9. BERLIN
Reached within top ten
in different indicators
including:
(a) Human capital;
(b) International
outreach;
(c) Governance; and
(d) Mobility and
transportation
Top 10 Smart Cities in the World (Forbes, 2019)
10. VIENNA
Reached within top ten in
different indicators
including:
(a) Mobility and
transportation;
(b) International outreach;
Within top 25:
(c) Technology;
(d) Environment;
(e) Human capital
PHILIPPINE
CONTEXT
Source: https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/kwo/spr14/features/nation_building.htm
Smart City in the Philippines
 Congress House/Senate Bill towards
Fourth Industrial Revolution
• SBN-887 PROVINCIAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORS ACT
– An act upgrading the position of the provincial
science and technology officer into the provincial
science and technology director in the Department
of Science and Technology amending RA 959
 Congress House/Senate Bill towards
Fourth Industrial Revolution
• SBN-1033 REGULATION OF WASTE
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ACT
– An act regulating the use of treatment technology
for municipal and hazardous wastes
 Congress House/Senate Bill towards
Fourth Industrial Revolution
• SBN-827 AMENDING RA 7743, PROGRAM
SHALL BE BASED ON THE LATEST
COMPUTER/ELECTRONIC LIBRARY
TECHNOLOGY
– An act amending RA 7743, otherwise known as
‘An Act Providing for the Establishment of
Congressional, City, and Municipal Libraries and
Barangay Reading Center throughout the
Philippines
 Congress House/Senate Bill towards
Fourth Industrial Revolution
• SBN-594 ICT IN EDUCATION ACT OF
2019
– An act strengthening the utilization of Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) in all
public elementary schools and high schools
In the Philippines, Local Governments recognize the
importance of being ready for a digital era:

• These have been recognized and documented in a

program called Galing Pook Awards that started as
early as 1991

• Initiatives are also recognized by the National ICT

Confederation of the Philippines known as the
Digital Cities PH Awards: Best Practices in e-
Governance for Local Government Unit (LGUs)