EEE 479: Communication Engineering

Lecture-2: Introduction to Optical Fiber Communication

Md Yekra Rahman
Lecturer
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Eastern University

Sujon Mia, Lecturer Department of EEE, Eastern University EEE 479 1

 What is communication & Optical Communication?
The communication system is a system model that describes a
communication exchange between two stations, transmitter, and
receiver. Signals or information passes from source to destination
through a channel. It represents a way in which the signal uses it to
move from a source toward its destination.

An optical communication system is any form of

telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium.
Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message
into an optical signal, a communication channel, which carries the
signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the
message from the received optical signal.
Fiber-optic communication systems transmit information from one
place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light
forms a carrier signal that is modulated to carry information.

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 General Communication Vs Optical Communication

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 Optical Fiber Communication System

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 What is an Optical Fiber?

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 What is Refractive Index?
The refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the
velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in the medium.

Sujon Mia, Lecturer Department of EEE, Eastern University EEE 479 6

Total Internal Reflection: How Light Passes Through the OF?

Total internal reflection occurs at the interface between two

dielectrics of differing refractive indices when light is incident on
the dielectric of lower index from the dielectric of higher index, and
the angle of incidence of the ray exceeds the critical value.

Sujon Mia, Lecturer Department of EEE, Eastern University EEE 479 7

 Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication (OFC)

● Greater bandwidth
● Low attenuation
● Electrical immunity (no RFI, EMI)
● Greater security
● Flexibility
● Falling cost
● Long repeater spacing
● Smaller size and weight than copper cables

Sujon Mia, Lecturer Department of EEE, Eastern University EEE 479 8

 Applications of Fiber Optics

● Used in telephone systems

● Used in submarine cable networks
● Used in data link for computer networks, CATV Systems
● Used in CCTV surveillance cameras
● Used for connecting fire, police, and other emergency
services.
● Used in hospitals, schools, and traffic management
systems.
● They have many industrial uses and also used for in
heavy duty constructions.

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 Acceptance Angle

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 Different Cones of Acceptance

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 Numerical Aperture (NA)

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 Numerical Aperture (NA)

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 Problem

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 Types of Ray Propagation in OF

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 Thanks a lot!
Don’t hesitate to reach out with the contact information:
Md Yekra Rahman
Lecturer, Department of EEE
Eastern University
Email: yekra.eee@easternuni.edu.bd (Official)
Alternate Email: yekrarahman@gmail.com (Personal)
Mobile: 01716645883

Sujon Mia, Lecturer Department of EEE, Eastern University EEE 479 16