Session 2

IP Address
Introducing IP Addresses
and Ver of IP Addresses
• Just as one needs a Specific postal address to send a parcel to someone
computer also needs a unique identification address to send data to a
specific computer. The Internet protocol (IP) addressing system provides
each computer on the network with a unique identifier. The following
section will take a detailed look into the IP classes and subnet Masks.
• A network address is an identifier for a node or network interface of a
telecommunications network.
• Network addresses are often designed to be unique across the network
although some networks allow for local or private addresses that may be
one network.
• More than one type of network address may be used in any one network.
 Type of Address

PHYSICAL ADDRESS – MAC LOGICAL ADDRESS – IP

ADDRESS ADDRESS
 An IP address is a unique address used to identify each (
i.e., Computer, Mobile devices, Printer, etc.) connected
to an IP network, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPV4) is
currently the most used addressing stand however, IPv6
is also being used widely.

What is IP
Address
Type of IP Address

IPv4 IPv6
IPv4 Version 4 octets

• An IP address consists of four 8-bit parts called

octets. Each octet is separated by a dot (.) and is
represented by decimal numbers. An octet can
range from 00000000 to 11111111 binary
numbers or 0 to 255 decimal numbers. As such,
a typical IPv4 address can be like this
172.16.254.1
• IP v4 and
• Power of 2
• 2*7 = 128, 2*6=64, 2*5=32, 2*4=16,
2*3= 8, 2*2=4, 2*1= 2, 2*0 =1
• 00000000.00000000.00000000.
00000000 – Each bit consists of 8 Bit i.e.
8+8+8+8 =32
• 172.16.254.1 - 10101100 . 0001000.
11111110. 00000001 (8-bit)
 To get the decimal equivalent of the binary
number, the respective value of each binary
digit is added. Following this rule. The
largest binery number is an octet 11111111
Converting IP becomes in its decimal representation.

Address to
Decimal
128+ 64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255
Ipv4 Address Class
Address Classes
•N – Network bit
•H- Host Bit
Subnetting
• Subnetting is the process of logically dividing a single network into
multiple subnetworks. In the earlier topics, we learned about IP
addresses and the default mask of all the classes.
• Subnet mask is used to identify the no. of bits in the network portion
and no. of bits in the host portion of a subnet. Note that the 1 s
represent netwok and zeros represent hosts bits
IP Subnetting
• It is the method that ISPs use to allocate an address to a company or a
home.
• Once bits are borrowed from the host portion to the network portion,
the “Classful” nature of IP address become classes.
Class C Subnetting
Class C Subnetting
• Network IP Subnetting
• Host IP Subnetting

20 40 PC
PC

20 Pc
30 pc
Class C Subnetting

• 197.10.10.0 / 24 - 255.255.255.0
• 2*n-2 40 >2*4 16 – 2 = 14 2*5 32 -2 30 2*6 = 64 -2 = 62
• N=6
• 197.10.10.00000000
• 197.10.10.11000000 8 +16+24+32+128+64=192
• 197.10.10.192 /26
• 255.255.255.192 Subnet – 1
• 197.10.10.63/26 broadcast IP
• 197.10.10.64 / 26
• 255.255.255.192 Subnet – 2
• 192. 10.10.127 / 26 broadcast IP
• 197.10.10.128
• 255.255.255.192 Subnet – 3
• 197.10.10.191 broadcast IP
• 197.10.10.192 /26
• 255.255.255.192 Subnet – 4
IPv6 Addresses
Configuring and Verifying an IP address
• Manual IP Address ( Static IP ) –