DEFINITION OF HEALTH

Helth is the extent to which an

individual or a group is able one hand,
to realize aspirations and satisfy needs;
and the other hand, to change or cope
with the environment.
Health is a resource for everyday life,
not the objective of living. (Last, John
M: 2002)
DEFINITION OF PUBLIC
HEALTH
Public Health is one of the efforts
orgganized society to protect, promote,
and restore the people’s health.
It is combination of sciences, skill, and
beliefs that are directed to the
maintanance and improvement of the
health of all people through collective or
social action. (Last, John: 2002)
HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS

The basic features of human rights:

 People have rights simply because they are human.

 Human rights are universal, applying to all people around

the world , regardless of who they are or where they live

 All human being are born free ad equal in rights and dignity

 Human rights address directly relation between government

and indivuals.
 Human rights encompass the fundamental principles of

humanity
 The promotion and protection of human rights is not

bounded by the frontiers of national states.

CATEGORIES OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
1. Civil and political rights include the rights to
live, liberty, security, freedom of movement.
2. Economic, social, and cultural rigghts
include the rights to highest attainable
standard of health, to work, to social
security, to adequate food to clothing and
housing, to education, and enjoy the benefit
of scientific progress and its application.
DEFINITION OF PUBLIC
HEALTH
Public Health can be defined as “what we as
society do collectivelly to ensure the
conditions in which people can be healthy”
(Institute of Medicine, USA: 1988)
Public Health works to ensure that the
underlying conditions needed for physical,
mental, or social well-being are provided to
all people in society.
PUBLIC HEALTH IN
PRACTICE
Assessment: collecting and analyzing data in
order to identify and understand the major
health problems facing the community.
Policy development establishes goals, set of
priorities, and develops strategies to address
health problems.
Assurance of services involves the design,
implementation, and evaluation of programs
to address prority health problems in the
community.
PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN
Health Promotion:
 Invove education, organizational, economic, and
environmental intervention ( for the healthy)
Disease Prevention:
 Primary prevention: to prevent the onset of health
disese in the first place. (for the healthy)
 Secondary prevention: to minimize the risk of
prgression of the disease and prevention of deseases
transmition. (for the hight risk)
 Tertiary prevention: rehabilitation (efforts to prevent
the worsening of individual’s health. (for the chronic)
DITERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Physical Diterminants:
. The essential elements for life
Biological Diterminants:
. Microorganism that may cause of harm
Behavioral Ditreminants:
. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice
Social Diterminants:
. Education, Occupation, income, etc.
Cultural Diterminants:
. Ethnic, Traditions
Spiritual Diterminants:
. Religion, Believes
.
PERKEMBANGAN ILMU
KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
Asculapius (Yunani):
 Orang yang pertama kali dapat mengobati dan
melakukan bedah
 -melahirkan ilmu kedokteran (pengobatan)

Hygea (Asisten dan isteri Asculapius):

 Mencari penyebab penyakit, dan merintis cara
pencegahannya hidup bersih dan seimbang
 -  melahirkan ilmu pencegahan penyakit melalui higiene
 -Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat.
KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
PERIODE SEBELUM I.P.
BC (Sebelum Masehi):
 Masa kerajaan Yunani dan Romawi: telah
dibanguna saluran air limbah, tempat
sampah, djamban, dsb.meskipun dengan
alasan keindahan.
Abad ke 1 – 7:
 Mulai terjadinya epidemi dan telah
dilakukan penanngan, meskipun dengan
pendekatan monodisiplin.
KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
PERIODE ILMU PENGET.
Abad ke 19/20:
 Masalah kesehatan adalah kompleh (lintas sektor),

maka pendekatannya harus “multidisiplin”

 Ditemukan berbagai vaksin untuk mencegah

penyakit.
Akhir abad ke 19/20:
 Mulai didirikan pendidikan tenaga profesional

kesehatan masayarakat.
 Mulai berdirinya organisasi-organisasi profesi yang

“concern” terhadap masalah kesehatan.