DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER-01
CLASS-X
ECONOMICS
BY: MEGHA BHATIA
CONTENT:-

 Meaning of Development
 Goals of Development
 National development
 Comparison of countries(Income and other criterias)
 Human Development
 Sustainability of Development
WHAT ARE YOUR GOALS/ASPIRATIONS
FOR YOUR PERSONAL LIFE?
WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?

 GOALS/ASPIRATIONS FOR AN IDEAL LIFE

 VISION OF HOW YOU WOULD LIKE TO LIVE
 PROGRESS
 IMPROVEMENT
 POSITIVE CHANGE
 UPLIFTMENT
 BETTERMENT OF SOCIAL,POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF LIFE
DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
CAN THE DEVELOPMENT GOALS BE ?

 DIFFERENT?
 COMMON?
 CONFLICTING?
Conflicting development goals!

WILL IT BE DEVELOPMENT FOR A

FARMER?

YES/NO

WILL IT BE DEVELOPMENT FOR A

TRIBAL GROUP?

YES/NO
DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS OF
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PERSONS.
LANDLESS RURAL LABOURERS
 Click icon to add picture

PROSPEROUS FARMERS OF PUNJAB

FARMERS WHO DEPEND ON RAINS FOR CROPS
 Click icon to add picture

A RURAL WOMAN FROM LAND OWNING FAMILY

URBAN UNEMPLOYED YOUTH
 Click icon to add picture

BOY FROM A RICH URBAN FAMILY

A GIRL FROM A RICH URBAN FAMILY
ADIVASI FROM NARMADA VALLEY
Click to add text
What was the common goal
among all categories?
INCOME
What other criteria do people seek for development
apart from common factor i.e INCOME?

• FREEDOM
• RESPECT
• SAFETY
• SOCIAL INCLUSION
• HEALTH
• EQUALITY
• GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE
• JUSTICE
• POLLUTION FREE ENVIRONMENT
• CORRUPTION FREE
What conclusion can we draw from last
two slides?
PEOPLE LOOK AT MIXTURE OF GOALS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Let’s Compare Nations !
HOW DO WE COMPARE DIFFERENT NATIONS?

CRITERION GIVEN BY CRITERION GIVEN BY

WORLD BANK UNDP
CRITERION ADOPTED BY
WORLD BANK

CRITERION IS :
PER CAPITA
INCOME/AVERAGE INCOME.
PER- FOR EACH/BY
CAPITA-HEAD/PERSON
 Comparing countries
Let’s compare the two countries by their
per capita income (average income) !
 Comparing sTATES

10000
10000

 Even though both the countries have identical average income,

country A is preferred because it has more equitable distribution.
 In this country, people are neither very rich nor extremely poor.
 On the other hand most citizens in country B are poor and one person is extremely
rich.
Hence, while average income is useful for comparison it does not tell us how this income
is distributed among people. It hides disparities.
 Limitations of PER CAPITA INCOME

Per capita income hides disparities -While average income is useful for comparison
it does not tell us how this income is distributed among people. Two countries with
the same per capita income might be very different with regard to income
distribution. One country might have equitable distribution of income while the
other country might have great disparities between the rich and the poor.

Per Capita income as a criterion of comparison does not consider other important
aspects like health and education status of the people of the country - Money in
your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. So,
income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services
that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, your money cannot buy you a
pollution-free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines.
 Comparing Nations
In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, the
criterion of per capita income is used in classifying countries.

Countries with per capita income of US$ 49,300 per annum and above in
2019, are called high income or rich countries.

Countries with per capita income of US$ 2500 or less are called low-
income countries.

India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its
per capita income in 2019 was just US$ 6700 per annum.
CRITERION ADOPTED BY
UNDP

CRITERION IS :
 Comparing sTATES
Which is the most developed state ?
 Comparing sTATES
Which is the most developed state ?

Conclusion - Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and
services that you may need to live well.
According to the World Commission
on Environment and Development, the
definition of Sustainable Development
(SD) is “development that meets the
needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own need”
(Our Common Future, 1987).
Since 1987, there have been many different definitions
for SD and a most commonly used and illustrative one
is “balance on the social, economic and environmental
developments” which is often expressed in the
following diagram :
Economic

Social Environment
 objectives of sustainable development

 Economic growth
 Environmental protection
 Social inclusion
Examples of sustainable development
Wind Energy
Wind energy is energy harnessed from the
motion of wind using wind turbines or
windmills. Wind energy is renewable,
which means it’s never-ending and can be
used to substitute energy at the grid. This
makes it a good sustainable development
practice.
Solar Energy
This is energy harnessed from the sun
using solar panels. It’s advantageous since
it’s absolutely free and its supply is infinite.
These factors make it beneficial to
consumers and good for Mother Nature
because it doesn’t contribute to the
emission of greenhouse gasses.