TAMRIN, AHMAD PATANI

INTRODUCTION TO CPU TYPES

THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) IS THE MAIN AND

CENTRAL PROCESSOR IN THE SYSTEM’S ELECTRONIC
CIRCUITRY. IT PROCESSES DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS AND
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PERFORMING ARITHMETIC AND
LOGIC OPERATIONS. CPU EXECUTES COMMANDS
ACCORDING TO THE COMPUTER PROGRAM. IT PERFORMS
FUNDAMENTAL ARITHMETIC LOGIC, INPUT AND OUTPUT
OPERATIONS, AND CONTROL CIRCUITS THAT FOLLOW THE
PROGRAM FED INTO THE COMPUTER.
 History of Central Processing Unit
CPU started:
• In the 40s, mathematicians John Von
Neumann J. Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly came up with the concept of
the stored instruction digital computer

• On 1970’s a component of
mainframe computer known as
CPU is a steel cabinet bigger
than a refrigerator full of circuit
boards crowded with
Transistors
Key Highlights
-The Central Processing Unit (CPU) provides processing power and instructions to the computer.

-The CPU consists of two main parts ALU and CU, which performs the operations and consist of
the control signals.

-The primary function of the CPU is to fetch, process, decode, execute, and store the input data.
• Types of CPU

The CPU is a vital element that manages all the calculations and commands transferred
to other components of the computer and its peripherals. The rapid speed of the CPU
obeys to command of the input program. When linked to the CPU, the components
become powerful and dependent. So it is necessary to choose the right one and
program it accordingly. The leading manufacturers of CPUs are AMD and Intel. In the
past, people used to employ processors to find the right and robust processor.
• The Intel 486 was faster than the 386. After introducing
the Pentium processor, Intel named all its processors
Duron, Celeron, Pentium, and Athlon. Manufacturers
build various types of processors with different
architectures, such as 64-bit and 32-bit, providing
maximum speed and flexible capacity. The major CPU
types, including single-core, dual-core, Quad-core, Hexa-
core, Octa-core, and Deca-core processor.
 1. Single-core CPU:

The single-core CPU, the oldest type used in

personal and official computers, executes
one command at a time, making it
inefficient for multitasking. Its performance
is determined by its clock speed, which
measures its power.

Processor of Single-core CPU:

A single-core processor is a
microprocessor with a single
core, performing fetch-decode-
exec cycle once per clock-cycle,
making it generally slower than
a multi-core system.
2. Dual-core CPU:
A dual-core CPU is a single CPU that
functions like a dual-core, switching
between data streams and
multitasking when more threads are
present. It is faster than a single-core
but less robust than a quad-core CPU.

Processor of Dual core CPU:

Dual core CPUs have two

processors working
simultaneously, allowing for
efficient operation and faster
operations due to their
caches, enabling most tasks
to be handled in parallel.
3. Quad-core CPU
Quad-core CPUs feature four cores on a
single processor, allowing effective
multitasking. They divide workloads,
making them suitable for gamers who need
to execute multiple programs
simultaneously. Supreme Commander is
optimized for multiple-core CPUs.

Processor of quad core:

A quad-core processor is a chip with
four cores that execute the central
processing unit branch, working
together with other circuits like
cache, memory management, and
input/output ports.
4. Hexa core processors:
Hexacore processors, with six
cores, work faster than quad-
core and dual-core processors.
Intel launched Inter core i7 in
2010, but smartphones now use
quad-core and dual-core
processors.
5. Octa-core processors:

Trending octa-core processors consist of

dual sets of O quad-core processors, with
dual-core having two cores and quad-
core having four. Hexa processors have
six cores, while octa processors have
eight independent cores for efficient
tasks. Manufacturers use minimum-
powered core sets for advanced tasks.
6. Deca-core processor:

Deca-core processors are more efficient

than other processors, faster and
successful in multitasking. Manufacturers
continuously update these processors in
smartphones and PCs to provide more
valuable features and capabilities.
Central Processing unit:
1. Arithmetic Processing:
Involves executing arithmetic
operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and
division.
4. Input/output Processing:
Handles communication with
peripheral devices such as
keyboards, mice, monitors, and
storage devices.

2. Logical Processing:
5. Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle:
Executes logical operations
This is the fundamental process
such as AND, OR, and NOT,
where the CPU fetches
which are essential for
instructions from memory,
decision-making and
decodes them, executes them,
comparison tasks.
and then moves on to the next
3. Control Processing: instruction
Manages the flow of
instructions and data within
the CPU and between other
components of the computer
system.
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