Values Ethics and Governance

Unit 2 part 10
Tina Bajaj
Assistant Professor
 Syllabus
UNIT – II Value & Business: Values impact in
Business
• Indian Value System and Values, Teaching
from scriptures and tradition. (Geeta,
Ramayana, Mahabharata, Upanishads, Vedas,
Bible and Quran).
 What Are the Upanishads?

• The Upanishads are a collection of writings composed in India

between 800–500 BCE. They contain many of the most
fundamental spiritual teachings of the age.
• The precise Upanishads definition is difficult to pin down, partially
thanks to its ancient origins.
• In Sanskrit, Upanishad means: “sitting down near,” or “sitting close
to.” The meaning alludes to the nature of the teachings.
• Why? Because the lessons in the Upanishads were initially taught
by spiritual sages and gurus. These gurus would sit to share their
wisdom and insight with dedicated students.
 Teachings of Upanishads
• The Upanishads are a continuation of the Vedic
philosophy. They elaborate on how the soul
(Atman) can be united with the ultimate truth
(Brahman) through contemplation and
meditation.
• Furthermore, the Upanishads explain the
doctrine of Karma – the cumulative effects of a
persons’ actions
 What are the differences between Vedas and
Upanishads?
• The word Veda means “knowledge,” and Hindu people believe that the
knowledge that can be found in Vedas is of divine origin. They comprise
four holy Hindu texts written 2,500 years ago and contain mantras about
various deities and melodies to be sung during religious rituals.
• The Vedas are divided into 4 categories:
• Samhitas – mantras and benedictions
• Aranyakas – writings delineating the symbols and ceremonies concerning
sacrifices
• Brahmanas – writings about the rituals and sacrifices
• Upanishads – discussions about spiritual knowledge and Hindu
philosophy.
 Five core Upanishad philosophies
1. Samsara, reincarnation: This vast universe is a wheel, the wheel of
Brahman. Upon it are all creatures that are subject to birth, death,
and rebirth. Round and round it turns and never stops.
2. Karma, action: Karma, literally translated, means, “action, work, or
deed.”The karmic cycle suggests that what you do today will
influence your life tomorrow
3. Dharma, universal law:the concept of dharma represents order,
truth, and ultimate universal law.It is the social obligation we
have toward one another, the invisible law that governs our
actions.
 Five core Upanishad philosophies
4. Moksha, liberation: In Sanskrit, Moksha means “liberation, enlightenment,
release.” Moksha is nirvana, the ultimate end of suffering. It represents
the surpassing of all worldly pain, desire, and longing for true and ultimate
peace. It is the final escape from the cycle of death and rebirth.
• For us today, moksha represents a state within the self. We are capable
of making a hell or a heaven out of our time on this earth, and moksha is
attainable if we learn to let go of our attachments.
• 5. Atman, soul: Atman is the true self beyond the identity of the ego. It’s
who we are at our innermost core. It’s something we must strive to
connect with and listen to. Because it’s something intangible but very
real.
• So, what’s one of the best ways to connect with this true self that lies
within? Mindfulness meditation.
• Thank you