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Unit IV
Unit IV
Definitions:
•The fourier transform of a function f(x) is defined by
x-a=y
dx=dy
1 s
Change of scale property F [ f ( a x )] F , a 0
a a
1
Proof: F [ f ( x)]
2
f ( x) e i s x dx
1
F [ f (a x)]
2
f (a x) e i s x dx
Put ax=t
a dx =dt
t
1 is dt
2
f (t ) e a
a
s
1 1 i t
a 2
f (t ) e a
dt
1 s
F
a a
Proof:
1
F [ f ( x)]
2
f ( x) e i s x dx
1
F [ f ( x) cos a x]
2
f ( x) cos a x e i s x dx
1 ei a x e i a x isx
2
f ( x)
2
e dx
1 1
1
i (s a) x i (s a) x
f ( x) e dx f ( x) e dx
2 2 2
1
[ F ( s a) F ( s a )]
2
Property:
•F.T of derivatives
(By shiftin
theorem)
State and Prove Parseval’s identity for fourier transform
Let x=-y
dy=-dy
Proof of the main theorem:
By convolution theorem
Results:
Results
Problem 1: Find the fourier transform of
1
1
2
(1 | x | ) (cos sx i sin sx) dx
1
1
2
2
(1 | x | ) cos sx dx 0
0
1
2
(1 x ) cos sx dx
0
1
2 sin sx cos sx
(1 x) (1)
s s
2
0
2 cos s 1
0 2 0 2
s s
2 1 cos s
(i.e.) F [ f ( x)]
s 2
2 2
Using Parseval’s identity, we have
| F ( s ) | ds | f ( x ) | dx
2 1
2 1 cos s 1
s 2
1 dx 0. dx
2
ds 0 . dx (1 | x | )
1
2 1
2 1 cos s
2
ds (1 | x | ) dx
s 2
1
2 1
4 1 cos s
2
ds 2 (1 x ) dx
0 s 2
0 Put s = 2t
2 1 ds = 2dt
4 1 cos 2t (1 x) 3
0 4t 2 2dt 2
3
0
2
8 1 cos 2t 1
16 0 t 2 dt 2 {0}
3
2
1 2 sin t
2
2
2 0 t 2 dt 3
2
4 sin
2
t 2
2 0 t 2 dt
3
4
sin t
(i.e.) dt
0
t 3
a | x | , | x | a
f ( x)
0 , | x| a
Hence deduce that
4
sin t sin t
(i ) dt (ii ) dt
0
t 2 0
t 3
1
Solution: F [ f ( x)]
2
f ( x) e i s x dx
1 a a
dx (a | x | ) e dx 0. e
isx isx isx
0. e dx
2 a a
a
1
2 a
(a | x | ) (cos sx i sin sx) dx
a
2
2
(a | x | ) cos sx dx 0
0
a
2
(a x ) cos sx dx
0
a
2 sin sx cos sx
(a x) (1)
s s
2
0
2 cos sa 1
0 0 2
s 2
s
2 1 cos as
(i.e.) F [ f ( x)]
s2
Using inverse Fourier transform, we have
1
F [ f ( x)] e
i s x
f ( x) ds
2
1 2 1 cos as
2
s 2 (cos sx i sin sx ) ds
1 1 cos as 1 1 cos as
cos sx ds i sin sx ds
s 2
s 2
2 1 cos as
cos sx ds 0
0 s 2
1 cos as
0
s 2 cos sx ds f ( x)
2
Put x 0 we get
1 cos a s
0
s 2 ds f (0)
2
Put as = 2t
1 cos 2t 2 dt (a ) ads = 2dt
0 4t 2 a 2
a2
2 sin 2 t a
2a 2
dt
0
4t 2
2
sin t
0 t dt 2
Using Parseval’s identity, we have
2 2
| F ( s ) | ds | f ( x ) | dx
2
a
2 1 cos as a
s 2
a dx 0. dx
2
ds 0 . dx ( a | x | )
a
2 a
2 1 cos as
2
ds ( a | x | ) dx
s 2
a
2 a
4 1 cos as
2
ds 2 ( a x ) dx
0 s 2
0
Put as = 2t
ads = 2dt
2 a
4 1 cos 2t 2dt (a x) 3
2 2
0 4t / a a
2
3
0
8 a 3 1 cos 2t
2
a 3
16 0 t 2 dt 2 {0}
3
3 2
a 2 sin t
2
2 a3
2 0 t 2 dt 3
2
4 sin
2
t 2
2 0 t 2 dt
3
4
sin t
(i.e.) 0 t dt
3
Problem 14:Find the Fourier sine and cosine transform of
1
x n 1 , 0 n 1, x 0 and hence prove that
x
is self reciprocal under both Fourier sine and cosine transforms.
Sol. Consider
2 2
Fc [ f ( x)] i Fs [ f ( x)]
f ( x) cos sx dx i
0
f ( x) sin sx dx
0
2
f ( x) (cos sx i sin sx) dx
0
2
0
f ( x) e i s x dx
2
Fc [ x n1 ] i Fs [ x n1 ] e dx
n 1 i s x
x
0
2 ( n)
( n)
x
n 1 a x
(is ) n since e dx n
0
a
2 ( n)
( i ) n
sn
n n 2 ( n )
cos i sin
2 2 sn
2 ( n) n
Fc [ x n1 ] cos (1)
s n
2
2 ( n) n
Fs [ x n1 ] sin (2)
s n
2
1
Put n in equation (1), we have
2
1
1 2 (1 / 2)
Fc [ x ]
2
cos
s1 / 2 4
1 2 1
Fc 1
x s 2
s
1
Put n in equation (2), we have
2
1
1 2 (1 / 2)
Fs [ x 2
] sin
s 1/ 2
4
1 2 1 1
Fs
x s 2 s
Hence
1
is self reciprocal under Fourier sine and cosine transforms.
x
dx
x 2 dx
i) 2
0
( x 1)( x 2
4 )
ii ) 0 ( x 2 9)( x 2 25)
F (s) G (s) ds f ( x) g ( x) dx
0
c c
0
2 1 2 2
x 2x
ds e e dx
0
s2 1 s 4
2
0
4 ds
3x
e dx
0 ( s 1)( s 4) 0
2 2
e 3x
3 0
1
0
3
4 ds 1
0 ( s 2 1)( s 2 4) 3
dx
(i.e.) 2
0
( x 1)( x 4) 12
2
2 s 2 s
Fs ( s ) Gs ( s )
s2 9 s 2 25
F (s) G (s) ds f ( x) g ( x) dx
0
s s
0
2 s 2 s
3x 5 x
ds e e dx
0
s2 9 s 25
2
0
2 s 2 ds
8 x
e dx
0 ( s 9)( s 25) 0
2 2
e8 x
8 0
1
0
8
2 s 2 ds 1
0 ( s 2 9)( s 2 25) 8
x 2 dx
(i.e.) 2
0
( x 9)( x 25) 16
2
dx
Problem 16:Using transforms evaluate 2
0
( x a 2
)( x 2
b 2
)
Soln. Let f ( x) e a x and g ( x) e bx then
2 a b 2
Fc ( s ) Gc ( s )
s2 a2 s2 b2
F (s) G (s) ds f ( x) g ( x) dx
0
c c
0
2 a 2 b
a x b x
ds e e dx
0
s2 a2 s b
2 2
0
2ab ds
( a b ) x
e dx
0 ( s a )( s b ) 0
2 2 2 2
e
( a b ) x
( a b ) 0
1
0
( a b )
2ab ds 1
0 ( s 2 a 2 )( s 2 b 2 ) a b
dx
(i.e.) 0 ( x 2 a 2 )( x 2 b 2 ) 2ab(a b)
2a
Soln. (i) Let f ( x) e a x
then Fc ( s )
s2 a2
Using Parseval’s identity for Fourier cosine transform, we have
2 2
| Fc ( s ) | ds | f ( x ) | dx
0 0
2
2 a
0 s a
0
a x 2
2 2
ds ( e ) dx
2a 2 ds
0 ( s 2 a 2 ) 2 0
2a x
e dx
e
2a x
2a 0
1
0
2a
2a 2 ds 1
0 ( s a ) 2a
2 2 2
dx
(i.e.) 0 ( x 2 a 2 ) 2 4a 3
2s
Fs ( s )
s2 a2
Using Parseval’s identity for Fourier sine transform, we have
s
2 2
| F ( s ) | ds | f ( x ) | dx
0 0
2
2 s
0 s 4
0
2x 2
2
ds ( e ) dx
2 s 2 ds
4x
e dx
0 ( s 4) 0
2 2
e4 x
4 0
1
0
4
2 s 2 ds 1
0 ( s 4) 4
2 2
x 2 dx
(i.e.) 2
0
( x 4 ) 2
8