University Institute of Engineering

Division- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering)

Automobile engineering

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

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 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Types of Safety System
 ABS ( Anti-lock braking system)
 Collision Warning System
 Sturdy Body Cell
 Electronic Stability Control
 Blind Spot Detector
 Survival Cell
 Air bags
 Seat Belt
 Need for Automobile Safety

• Protection of the driver and the passengers

• Protection of the car from primary damage

• Protection of the pedestrians

• Load reduction on Insurance companies

Some of the safety features used in Automobiles
 AIRBAGS
Components :

1. Crash Sensor

2. Inflator System
Airbag before collision
3. Inflatable Airbag

Airbag after collision

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS)

Components :

1. Speed Sensor

2. Valves

3. Pump

4. Controller

Without ABS | With ABS

 ABS
• It is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels of
the vehicle to maintain contact with the road surface.
 TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM
• Traction control systems prevent wheel spin in slippery conditions
when the vehicle needs to be accelerated.
• Anti-lock braking systems use wheel speed sensors to identify when a
rotating wheel is about to lock up so that the brake pressure can be
reduced in order to keep the wheel rotating. Traction control systems
use these same wheel sensors to monitor wheel speed during
acceleration but now monitor when a drive wheel starts to spin
TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM (TCS)

With TCS

Without TCS
 ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL
• An Electronic Stability Control coordinates the ABS, Traction
Control, and the "yaw" of the vehicle (how much a car rocks
side-to-side). The individual systems are combined in an
effort to reduce tire spinning, skidding, and traction-less
cornering, keeping the tires in maximum contact with the road.
Found mostly on luxury models, stability systems are slowly
working their way into more vehicles.
ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAMME (ESP)
 NIGHT VISION ASSIST
• Night vision systems use video cameras that are sensitive to
infra red to detect the heat given off by humans and animals
against the colder background of the roadway environment.
Infra-red emitters may also form part of the vehicle's
headlights to help detect objects at greater distances than is
possible using only the naked eye with conventional lighting.
NIGHT VISION ASSIST

Virtual Screen displaying Night Vision

 TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
• Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) are a way of
warning a driver that a tyre is incorrectly inflated, which will
decrease the safety and performance of the vehicle, and
increase the risk of an accident
• It is difficult to spot an under inflated tyre visually,
especially without a fully inflated tyre as comparison
This can have many consequences; such as:

• Increased wear of the tyres treads which will lead to a higher

chance of aquaplaning in the wet.
• Reduced handling characteristics and a reduced control of the
vehicle.
• Longer stopping distances.
• Higher chance of the tyre delaminating, which could lead to a
sudden tyre failure.
TIRE-PRESSURE MONITORING
Types :
1. Direct
2. Indirect
AUTOMATIC BRAKING
Uses INFRA-RED rays
 SEAT BELTS
Pretensioners and webclamps

Pyrotechnic pretensioner diagram

 Sturdy Body Cell:

• It is a rigid cell made up of aluminum, steel, hot formed ultra steel & ultra high
strength steel.
• Obtained by heating them under certain pressure hot formed ultra steel is used.
Global Outstanding Assessment (GOA Body)

GOA or G-Con is Toyota and Honda Motor Co.'s

internal passive safety standard respectively.
Collision warning system:
PARKING SENSORS
THANK YOU
 CHASSIS FRAME AND BODY
Term initially used to denote the frame parts
or Basic Structure of the vehicle
A vehicle with out body is called Chassis

A bare ladder frame

 System parts mounted on the Chassis frame
are
• Power plant, Transmission System, Axles,
Wheels and Tyres, Suspension

• Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc.

• Electrical system parts

Chassis frame is also called as Carrying Unit

 Main components of the Chassis
1.Frame: two long side members riveted togetherwith
the help of number of cross members.
2. Engine or Power plant: It provides the source of
power
3. Clutch: It connects and disconnects the power
from the engine flywheel to the transmission
system.
4. Gear Box
5.U Joint
6. Propeller Shaft
 FUNCTIONS OF THE CHASSIS FRAME:
1. To carry load of the passengers or goods carried
in the body.
2. To support the load of the body, engine, gear box
etc.,
3. To withstand the forces caused due to the sudden
braking or acceleration
4. To withstand the stresses caused due to the
bad road condition.
5.To withstand centrifugal force while cornering
 Assessment Pattern
Sr. Type of Assessment Weightage of actual Final Weightage in Internal
Frequency of Task Assessment Remarks
No. Task conduct (Prorated Marks)
10 marks of each As applicable to course
1. Assignment* assignment One Per Unit 10 marks types depicted above.
Time Bound Surprise As applicable to course
2. Test 12 marks for each test One per Unit 4 marks types depicted above.
As applicable to course
3. Quiz 4 marks of each quiz 2 per Unit 4 marks types depicted above.
As applicable to course
4. Mid-Semester Test** 20 marks for one MST. 2 per semester 20 marks types depicted above.
Non Graded: Engagement Only for Self Study
5. Presentation*** MNG Courses.
Task
One per lecture topic Non-Graded: Engagement As applicable to course
6. Homework NA (of 2 questions) types depicted above.
Task
As applicable to course
7. Discussion Forum NA One per Chapter Non Graded: Engagement Task types depicted above.
Attendance and
8. Engagement Score on NA NA 2 marks
BB

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 REFERENCES
1. A History of Wisconsin Highway Development 1835–1945, State Highway Commission of Wisconsin and the Public
Roads Administration, Federal Works Agency, 1947, pp. 19–20
2. Setright, L. J. K. (2004). Drive On!: A Social History of the Motor Car. Granta Books. ISBN 9781862076983.
3. http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-model-s-is-americas-best-selling-plug-in-car-this-year
4. http://www.caranddriver.com/tesla/model-s
5. https://www.holtsauto.com/redex/news/different-types-car-engine/
6. https://learnmechanical.com/types-of-engine/
7. https://www.autotraining.edu/blog/3-different-engine-types-and-their-advantages/
8. https://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts

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THANK YOU