Artificial Neural Networks

- Introduction -

• Birinderjit Singh Kalyan

• EE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
• Assistant Professor
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI

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 Turbocharger & Supercharger
MEO-361

Er. K.S.Kang
Assistant Professor
Chandigarh University

www.cuchd.in Mechanical Engineering Campus : Gharaun, Mohali

 Course Objectives
The course will prepare engineers to understand the concepts & working
of Internal combustion Engines to solve problems related to engines. It
will enhance ability to address new problems in the rapidly changing
technological scenario.

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 Course Prerequisites
• Engineering thermodynamics
• Applied thermodynamics
• Heat transfer

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 Recommended Books
• Internal Combustion Engine- V. Ganeshan, Prentice Hall of India

• A Course in Internal Combustion Engines- Damundwar, Dhanpath Rai

& Sons
• Internal Combustion Engines- R.K. Rajput, MCGRAW HILL EDUCATION

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 Course Outcomes
To be able to diagnose & rectify problems related to I.C. Engines.

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 Applications
• To use solar energy in a proper manner.

• Optimum use of solar resources in energy production.

• Efficient use of available apparatus.

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www.cuchd.in Mechanical Engineering Campus : Gharaun, Mohali
 3.2 Introduction supercharging
• The amount of force an air fuel charge produces
when it is ignited is largely a function of the
charge density.
• Density is the mass of a substance in a given
amount of space.
An engine that uses atmospheric pressure for intake
is called a naturally (normally) aspirated engine.
Another way to achieve an increase in mixture
compression is called supercharging.

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 Continued…..
• In addition to the increased power resulting from combustion, there
are several other advantages of supercharging an engine including:
• It increases the air–fuel charge density to provide high compression
pressure when power is required, but allows the engine to run on
lower pressures when additional power is not required.
• The pumped air pushes the remaining exhaust from the combustion
chamber during intake and exhaust valve overlap.
• The forced airflow and removal of hot exhaust gases lowers the
temperature of the cylinder head, pistons, and valves, and helps
extend the life of the engine.

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 3.3 TYPES OF SUPERCHARGERS
• Centrifugal Supercharger
• Rootes Supercharger
• Vane Supercharger

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 Continued….

• Centrifugal supercharger.
• A centrifugal supercharger is
similar to a turbocharger but is
mechanically driven by the engine
instead of being powered by the
hot exhaust gases.
• Roots-type supercharger.
• The roots-type supercharger is A roots-type supercharger uses two
called a positive displacement lobes to force the air around the outside
design because all of the air that of the housing into the intake manifold.
enters is forced through the unit.
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 3.4 Performance of superchargers
• Many factory-installed
superchargers are
equipped with a bypass
valve that allows
intake air to flow
directly into the intake
manifold bypassing the
supercharger.
• The computer controls
the bypass valve
actuator.
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 3.5 Working principle of a turbocharger
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the
exhaust gases of an engine.
• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared
shaft.
• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in turn used
to drive the compressor.
• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the intake
manifold at increased pressure, resulting in a greater mass of air
entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.

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 3.6 Turbo charging of S.I. & C.I. Engines

• A turbocharger consists of two

chambers connected by a
center housing.
• The two chambers contain a
turbine wheel and a
compressor wheel connected
by a shaft which passes
through the center housing.

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 3.7 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages:
• Improved performance at altitude.
• More power for take-off.
• Disadvantages:
• Power gain is offset by power used by engine to drive
supercharger.
• Increased temperature of fuel/air mixture increases risk of
detonation.

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 3.8 PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success of the
engine performs its assigned task, i.e. the conversion of the chemical
energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work. The
performance of an engine is evaluated on the basis of the following
(a) Specific Fuel Consumption.
(b) Brake Mean Effective Pressure.
(c) Specific Power Output.
(d) Specific Weight.
(e) Exhaust Smoke and Other Emissions.
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 3.8.1 Power and Mechanical Efficiency
• The main purpose of running an engine is to obtain mechanical
power.
• Power is defined as the rate of doing work and is equal to the
product of force and linear velocity or the product of torque and
angular velocity.

• Thus, the measurement of power involves the measurement of

force (or torque) as well as speed.

• The force or torque is measured with the help of a dynamometer

and the speed by a tachometer.
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 3.9 Cycle Performance Parameters

Net Work Transfer :

Wnet   pd (mv)
This is work done by working fluid on the
piston, also called as Indicated Work.
Indicative Performance:

ind 
 pd (mv)
m f  CV
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 3.10 Specific Fuel Consumption
Fuel consumption of an engine reported in L/h or kg/h
because these values ignore engine power. A better
measure of fuel consumption is,
m f
XSFC 
PX

 XSFC – specific fuel consumption (kg/kWh).

 X must always be specified when reporting these
values (i.e., I for indicated)
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 3.11 Specific Fuel Consumption Variations

• ISFC – indicated specific fuel consumption

• BSFC - brake specific fuel consumption
• PSFC – PTO specific fuel consumption
• DSFC – drawbar specific fuel consumption

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 3.12 Parameters for Performance Diagnosis
Indicative Mean Effective Pressure: IMEP 
 pdv
vmax  vmin
 F  
m fuel
Actual Fuel- Air Ratio :
  
 A  act m air,act
 F  m fuel
Stoichiometric Fuel- Air Ratio :   
 A  sto m air, sto
F
 
Fuel Air Equivalence Ratio:    A  act
F
 
www.cuchd.in  A  sto
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 3.13 Engine Capacity Vs Performance

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 3.14 Performance characteristics of I.C.
Engines

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 3.15 Performance maps

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 Thank You

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