ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Understanding goal: The student develops an understanding about the

important role of carbon in organic chemistry through a workshop and
an experience lab.
Criteria A: Knowledge and Understanding.
REVIEW ABOUT PERIODIC TABLE
 MAIN ASPECTS OF CARBON

• Carbon is the chemical backbone of all life on Earth. All of the

carbon we currently have on Earth is the same amount we have
always had. When new life is formed, carbon forms key
molecules like protein and DNA. It's also found in our
atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide or CO2.

• As carbon be founded in group 4, it has 4 valence electrons, so

it MUST form 4 chemical bonds with another carbons,
hydrogen, halogens or oxygen.
 WAYS TO
EXPRESS THE
ORGANIC
FORMULAS

Nomenclature in organic
chemistry is divided into two
parts: a prefix that depends on
the number of carbons and a
suffix that depends on the
functional group.
CARBONS CLASSIFICATION

Primary: triangle.
Secondary: rectangle.
Tertiary: circle.
Quaternary: clouds.
WORKSHOP 1: THE ATOM AND GENERAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON
NAMING GROUPS: ALKANE,
ALKENE AND ALKYNE

Understanding goal: The student develops an understanding about the

important role of carbon in organic chemistry through a workshop and an
experience lab.
Criterion B: Inquiring and designing.
Criterion D: Reflection on the impacts of science
 ISOMERISM: Isomers are molecules or
polyatomic ions with identical molecular
formula – that is, same number of atoms
of each element – but distinct
ALKANES, ALKENES AND ALKYNES
arrangements of atoms in space.

ALKANES 𝐶 𝑛 𝐻 2 𝑛+2 ALKENES 𝐶𝑛 𝐻 2 𝑛

They are made up of chains of They are made up of chains of
carbon atoms, with their carbon atoms, with their respective
respective hydrogens, linked by hydrogens, joined by double bonds.
simple bonds.

ALKYNES

They are made up of chains of carbon

atoms, with their respective hydrogens,
joined by one or more triple bonds.
𝐶 𝑛 𝐻 2 𝑛− 2
 COVALENT BONDS Elec
that tronega
for describ tivity i
a e s
form n atom s how a prop
b on to ea ert
ds. gain e sily it i y
lect s
rons
to

• A covalent bond consists of the simultaneous attraction of two nuclei

for one or more pairs of electrons
 NAMING FOR
ORGANIC
GROUPS

•Nomenclature in organic
chemistry is divided into two
parts: a prefix that depends on the
number of carbons and a suffix
that depends on the functional
group.
 n
c h ai ,
l a rg
t
es Then
ty. st NOMENCLATURE Th
ed
The priori close has ouble
n .
has carbo ranch pri b
t he t h e b ori ond
to ty.
ALKANES ALKENES
They are named with the prefix indicating the number of They are named with the prefix indicating the number of
carbons followed by the ending -ane. When the molecule is carbons followed by the ending -ene. When the molecule is a
a cycle, its name begins with CYCLO, the prefix indicating cycle, its name begins with CYCLO, prefix indicating the
the number of carbons and the suffix -ane. number of carbons and the suffix-ene.
 NOMENCLATURE

nd
e bo y. ALKYNES
l it
rt ip rior They are named with the prefix indicating the number of carbons followed
h e p
T ha s by the ending -yne. When the molecule is a cycle, its name begins with
CYCLO, prefix indicating the number of carbons and the suffix-yne.
 WORKSHOP 2: NAMING GROUPS:
ALKANES, ALKENES AND ALKYNES
• Design an infographic showing the most important aspects of the naming groups (alkanes, alkenes and alkynes).
Include information on the impact of these substances on the environment and its applications in industry and
everyday life.
• Name the following organic compounds, make the structural formula and recognize types of carbons. Mark them
with Primary: triangle. Secondary: rectangle. Tertiary: circle. Quaternary: clouds.

• Sketch 2 structural isomers for the following molecular formulas: