SECTION 3.

ELECTRICAL
HAZARDOUS
AREA
EQUIPMENT
(EEHA)
Emergency Procedures

If alarm sounds :
1. Listen to the alarm, do not panic
2. Calmly evacuate through nearest exit route
3. Follow the exit signs
4. Go to designated Muster Point

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Section 3

You will look at the European and IEC Standards requirements for the
operation of electrical equipment in hazardous environments.

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Section 3

The techniques used to provide Explosion (Ex) and Ingress (IP) protection
of equipment.

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Section 3

You will also consider the certification and marking requirements for such
equipment.

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 The ATEX Directive
Many industrial processes which use flammable materials have the potential
to produce an explosive atmosphere.
Offshore oil, gas and petrochemical to manufacturing processes that create
dusts and other fine materials.

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ATEX Directive

In order to protect personnel, plant and the environment, precautions must

be taken to ensure that potentially explosive atmospheres cannot be ignited

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ATEX Directive (94/9/EC):

Became European Law in July 1st 2003.

▰ Since this date it is mandatory for
manufacturing and process industries to
assess and classify the explosion risk of
an operational area.

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ATEX Directive

Once such an area has been classified

to be potentially explosive, only
electrical and mechanical equipment
that has been ATEX certified can be
installed.

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ATEX Directive (1999/92/EC)

Relates to the workplace and safety of workers and statutory Instrument

DSEAR 2776.

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ATEX Directive

▰ ATEX comes from the phrase ATmosphere EXplosive and is the term
for the European Union directive 94/9/EC.
▰ This is concerned with equipment, and protective systems for use in
potentially explosive atmospheres.

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ATEX Directive

The purpose of this European Union directive is to facilitate trade with the
EU by aligning laws of the member states concerning safety.

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Ex Protection Compliance

The ATEX Directive has a logo which

must be displayed on all products to
show that they are suitable for use in a
flammable atmosphere.

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Directives Compliance

In addition to this, the CE logo will also be displayed to show that the
equipment satisfies all the safety and environmental requirements of the
relevant European Directives.

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Electrical Equipment

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 NOTIFIED BODY
▰ To comply with the Atex directive
manufacturers/suppliers (or importers, if the
manufacturers are outside the EU) must ensure
that their Products

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Notified Body

Meet essential health and safety requirements

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Notified Body

Undergo appropriate conformity procedures.

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Notified Body

This usually involves testing and

certification of equipment by a
‘third party’ certification body,
known as a Notified Body.

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Notified Body

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 SELF CERTIFICATION
▰ Manufacturers/suppliers can ‘self-certify’
equipment intended to be used in less
hazardous explosive atmospheres.
▰ Once certified, the equipment is marked by
the EX logo to identify it as such.
▰ Certification ensures that the equipment or
protective system is fit for its intended
purpose and that adequate information is
supplied with it to ensure that it can be used
safely.
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 EXPLOSION PROTECTION
PRINCIPLES
▰ Apparatus designed for ‘Explosion Protection’ have specific safety
measures which prevent ignition of a surrounding gas or vapour under
normal operating conditions.

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Explosion Protection Principles

▰ Such equipment is therefore ‘Ex Protected’ to a recognised Standard

and Certified by a recognised Test Authority.

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Explosion Protection Principles

The term ‘Explosion Protection’ does not mean that the apparatus is
protected against an external explosion but rather that it will not create or
transmit an internal or external ignition source either by spark or hot
surfaces.

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Explosion Protection Principles

Each protection concept has been proved reliable and safe and, if correctly
selected, installed and maintained, will continue to be safe in normal
operation

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Explosion Protection Principles

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Explosion Protection Principles

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Explosion Protection Principles

A range of Ex protection concepts are used for specific hazardous area

applications.
Circuit design: (Ex i)
intrinsically safe circuits which limit energy levels.
Enclosure design: (Ex d) flameproof enclosures.
Increased safety design: (Ex e) which precludes sparking devices and
limits temperature rise.
Other types of protection are: Ex p, Ex o, Ex q, Ex m, Ex n, Ex s

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Ingress Protection

Equipment enclosures must also

be designed to protect the
equipment from the ingress of
solids and/or liquids.

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Ingress Protection

The ingress of water must be

prevented so the equipment does
not malfunction and also to
prevent Arcs and Sparks.

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Ingress Protection

The coding system is given by

EN 60529 and is used to
identify the level of
protection provided by a
particular enclosure design.

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Ingress Protection

▰ It is an international classification system for the sealing

effectiveness of enclosures of electrical equipment against the intrusion
into the equipment of foreign bodies (i.e. tools, dust, fingers) and
moisture.

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Ingress Protection

This classification system utilizes the letters "IP" followed by two or

three digits.
An "x" is used for one of the digits if there is only one class of protection;
i.e. IPx4 which addresses moisture penetration only.

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Ingress Protection

1st numerical:
2nd numerical:
Protection against solid
bodies. Protection against liquid.

0 = No protection 0 = No protection
1 = Objects > 50mm 1 = Vertically dripping water
2 = Objects > 12mm 2 = Drops of liquid (75°-90°)
3 = Objects > 2.5mm 3 = Sprayed water
4 = Objects > 1mm 4 = Splashed water
5 = Dust Protected 5 = Water jets
6 = Dust Tight 6 = Heavy seas
7 = Effects of immersion
8 = Indefinate immersion

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Ingress Protection

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IP Code First Digit Protection Level

0 No protection

Protection from solid

1 objects greater than 50mm
in diameter.

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IP Code First Digit Protection Level

Protection against object not

2 greater than 80mm in length
and 12mm in diameter.

Protection from entry by

tools, wires,with a diameter or
3 thickness greater than 2.5mm.

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IP Code First Digit Protection Level

Protection from entry by

4 solid objects with a diameter
or thickness greater than
1.0mm

Protection from the amount of

dust that would interfere with
5 the operation of the
equipment.

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IP Code First Digit Protection Level

6 Dust tight.

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IP Code Second Digit Protection Level

0 No protection

Protection against vertically

1 falling drops of water.

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IP Code Second Digit Protection Level

Protection against falling

2 drops of water at a 15
degree angle.

Protection against falling

3 drops of water at a 60
degree angle.
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IP Code Second Digit Protection Level

Protection against water

4 projected from all angles.

Protection against jets of

5
water from all angles.

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IP Code Second Digit Protection Level

Protection against jets of

water equivalent to heavy
6
seas.

Protection of effects against

7 immersion.

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IP Code Second Digit Protection Level

Protection of effects against

8 immersion under pressure.

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Ingress Protection

Enclosures containing bare live excluding Ex d parts shall have a degree of

ingress protection of at least IP54, whereas enclosures containing insulated
parts shall only have a degree of ingress protection of at least IP44.

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DTS01 Test Specification

Equipment installed in areas protected by a deluge system must be

minimum IP 56 if not then equipment should have been tested under deluge
conditions.

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Ingress Protection

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Ingress Protection

▰ All lighting as a recommendation should be minimum IP 66

▰ It is a requirement to maintain the Ingress Protection of the enclosure.

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 EQUIPMENT
CERTIFICATION

Certified equipment will provide

appropriate information and approval
markings on its data-plate

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Typical Ex data plate.

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Equipment Certification

Equipment which has been ‘certified’

has been examined by a recognised
Testing Authority.

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Equipment Certification

In order for the equipment to have validity

and for industry to have confidence that it is
suitable for use, the test authorities
themselves must be recognised as being
competent in the testing of such equipment.

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Equipment Certification

Notified Bodies are independent of the

equipment manufacturers and have the
necessary technical competence and
administrative structure to assess the
conformity of products to set standards and
specifications.

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CENELEC AND THE INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC)

CENELEC, the European Committee for

Electrotechnical Standardization, was
created in 1973 and comprises the National
Electrotechnic Committees from
European countries.

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CENELEC & IEC

The Standards help develop the Single

European Market/European Economic Area
for electrical and electronic goods and services
removing barriers to trade, creating new
markets and cutting compliance costs.

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CENELEC & IEC

The electrotechnical Standards help develop

the Single European Market/European
Economic Area for electrical and electronic
goods and services removing barriers to trade,
creating new markets and cutting compliance
costs.

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CENELEC & IEC

The IEC was founded in 1906.

The purpose of the IEC Ex Scheme is to
establish Standards for a
variety of electrical products and thus
encourage international specifications and
commonality in trading.

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CENELEC & IEC

Publications from the IEC have the status for

recommendations which contribute to National
and Regional standards.

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CENELEC & IEC

Objective of the IEC Ex Scheme

is to facilitate international trade
in equipment and services for use in explosive
atmospheres, whilst maintaining the required
level of safety

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CENELEC & IEC

▰ Reduced testing and certification costs to manufacturer,

▰ Reduced time to market,
▰ International confidence in the product assessment process,
▰ One international database listing,
▰ Maintaining International Confidence in equipment and services
covered by IEC Ex Certification.

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CENELEC & IEC

A ‘Declaration of Conformity’ confirms by

the manufacturer, that an item of electrical
equipment has been formed
from certified parts and has
been constructed and tested in accordance
with the relevant recognised standards.

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CENELEC & IEC

Declarations of Conformity and the equipment

label may include the suffix ‘X’
to indicate that there are special conditions of
use.

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CENELEC & IEC

A Euronorm (EN) is a CENELEC standard

which applies to apparatus for use in
hazardous locations.

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 MARKING OF APPARATUS AND
EQUIPMENT

▰ CE Marking: This is used by the manufacturer to indicate that the

equipment:
▰ Conforms to all the requirements of the ATEX Directive 98/9/EC and
that it has been subjected to the relevant conformity assessment
procedures.

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

The CE Logo marking is mandatory on

equipment and must be fixed to the
apparatus before it is marketed or put into
service.

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Electrical Equipment

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

The identification number of the Notified Body

responsible for conformity of the equipment should
also be included with the CE Logo.

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

This includes the Ex Protection Compliance symbol followed

by the equipment Group and Category. For group II
equipment, the letter ‘G’ should be added.
Supplementary Marking:

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

All equipment must also be marked with the name and

address of the manufacturer, the series or type, the
serial number (where applicable) and the year of
construction.

Supplementary Marking:

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

These are included to avoid any misunderstandings due to the need

for a level of
▰ Safety relating to equipment intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres.
▰ Supplementary marking requirements are set out in EN (ICE) 60079-0.

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

▰ The symbol Ex to indicate that the equipment complies with one or

more of the relevant standards.
▰ The symbol for each type of protection used with the equipment e.g.
▰ ‘d’ for a flameproof enclosure
▰ ‘e’ for increased safety etc.
▰ Gas group IIA, IIB or IIC.
▰ The ‘T’ symbol indicating the temperature class of the equipment.

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

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Non Electrical Equipment

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Marking of Apparatus and Equipment

Do study the relevent

Ex Name Plate &
Certificate

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Test Yourself

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Test Yourself

▰ What does the ATEX logo shown on an item of equipment tell you
about that item?

The ATEX logo, must be displayed

on all products to show that they
are suitable for use in a flammable
atmosphere.

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Test Yourself

▰ What does the CE logo shown on an item of equipment tell you about
that item?

The CE logo, must be displayed to show

that the equipment satisfies all the safety
and environmental requirements of the
relevant European Directives.

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Test Yourself

▰ What is meant by the term ‘Explosion Protection’ as applied to

electrical equipment in a potentially explosive environment?

The apparatus will not represent an ignition

source either by spark or hot surfaces

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Test Yourself

▰ Write down the Ex protection type for the following: Ex d

Flameproof Protection

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Test Yourself

▰ Write down the Ex protection type for the following: Ex e

Increased Safety Protection

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Test Yourself

▰ Write down the Ex protection type for the following: Ex n

Non-incendive Protection

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Test Yourself

▰ What do the letters IP mean in relation to enclosure protection

classifications?

‘Ingress Protection’

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Test Yourself

▰ What do the first and second digits in the IP classification code tell you
about the level of protection given to an enclosure?

First digit = protection against the ingress

of solids.

Second digit = protection against the

ingress of moisture/liquids.

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Test Yourself

▰ What are the levels of IP protection provided by an enclosure rated as

IP54

5 = dust interference.

4 = splashed water.

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Test Yourself

▰ What is the ‘Declaration of Conformity’ in relation to Explosion

Protected equipment?

A document confirming that an item of

electrical apparatus has been formed from
certified parts and has been constructed and
tested in accordance with the relevant
recognised Standards.

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Test Yourself

▰ What ‘specific supplementary’ marking information should be included

on the data plate of an Ex protected electrical item?

The equipment Group and Category.

For group II equipment, the letter ‘G’
Name and address of manufacturer.
The series or type of apparatus.
The serial number.
The year of construction.

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Training Targets

Know what is meant be ‘Explosion

Protection’ of equipment and the
Number 7 types of protection in use.

Number 8 Know the application of the ATEX

Directives

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Training Targets

Describe the ‘Ingress Protection’

Number 7 system for equipment

Number 8 Know the Ex equipment certification

and marking requirements

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Activity

Understand the markings of a Ex data plate.

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Activity

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 345 I G

Conforms to European Directive

Notified Body Number
European Protection Compliance
Equipment Group
Equipment Category
Hazard Type (Gas)

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 EEx d IIC T3

Conforms to European Standards

Protection Type

Gas Group

Temperature Rating

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Type 3030 Serial No 3031

Equipment Series
Serial No.

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 ABC 03 ATEX 1245
X
Notified Body Code
Year of Manufacture
Certificate Issue
Certificate Number
Specific Conditions Apply (see cert)

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95
Activity

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Thank You