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Opito EEHA Presentation Ex Haz Area Section 2
Opito EEHA Presentation Ex Haz Area Section 2
Opito EEHA Presentation Ex Haz Area Section 2
ELECTRICAL
HAZARDOUS
AREA
EQUIPMENT
(EEHA)
Emergency Procedures
If alarm sounds :
1. Listen to the alarm, do not panic
2. Calmly evacuate through nearest exit route
3. Follow the exit signs
4. Go to designated Muster Point
2
Section 2
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AREA CLASSIFICATION
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Hazardous areas are classified by gas groups and zones.
▰ Zones are used to define the probability of the presence of flammable materials.
▰ Gas Groups consider the ignition energy of the substance and focuses on
ignition from a spark source.
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IEC 60079-10
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IEC 60079-10
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To determine the Area Classification :
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To determine the Area Classification (Continued)
▰ List all flammable and combustible materials, along with their pertinent
properties, such as ignition temperatures and flash points.
▰ Confirm the need for classification by assessing the likelihood of the
presence of flammable and combustible materials.
▰ Locate material release sources, such as:
▰ Open process points, Control valves, Pump seals, Drains, Metering
points, Sampling points, Vents, etc.
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UNDERSTANDING ZONES
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Zone Classification
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The important factors that must be considered for zone classification are:
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The amount of ventilation present in the area
▰ The nature of the gas. i.e. whether it is lighter or heavier than air
▰ The consequence of an explosion and possible chain reaction
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Zone 0 is generally found inside tanks or vessels containing flammable liquids.
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Zone 0
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Zone 0 gives rise to a Zone 1 as the tank vent is a primary source of release
Zone 1
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Zone 1
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Zone 1 gives rise to a Zone 2
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Zone 2
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Explosive Atmosphere
Zone 2 = 0 – 10 hrs.
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Explosive Atmosphere
Where different zones are created by different sources of release and they
overlap the higher risk of zone will apply in the area.
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Explosive Atmosphere
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Zone Classifications
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RELATIVE DENSITY
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Relative Density
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Relative Density
Relative vapour
Material
density
Air 1
Acetylene 0.9
Butane 2.05
Ethylene 0.9
Hydrogen 0.07
Hydrogen
1.19
Sulphide
Methanol 1.11
Petroleum 2.8
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Relative Density
▰ Lighter than air gases will rise and disperse into the air quickly.
▰ Heavier than air gases will fall and could collect at ground level, or in
sumps or drains, and remain there for long periods.
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VENTILATION
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Artificial Ventilation
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Ventilation
The more ventilation there is, the faster the substance will be dispersed into
the air (below the LEL) and therefore the extent of the zone will be smaller.
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Degrees of ventilation: 3 Types
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Availability of Ventilation: 3 Types
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Ventilation can alter the zone.
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Ventilation can alter the zone.
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GRADING OF GAS RELEASE
▰ Sources of Release:
The point from which a flammable gas, vapour or mist can be released into
the atmosphere.
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Grading of Gas Release
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Continuous Grade of Release
Zone 0
▰ The surface of a flammable liquid contained in a storage tank.
▰ The surface of an open reservoir.
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Primary Grade of Release
Zone 1
Seals of pumps, compressor or valves which would normally emit
flammable materials at particular stages of the start up cycle.
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Primary Grade of Release
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Secondary Grade of Release
Zone 2
Flanges, connections and pipe fittings not expected to release
Flammable materials during normal Operations.
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Secondary Grade of Release
Relief vents and valves which are not expected to release flammable
materials during normal operations.
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Secondary Grade of Release
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Normal Operation
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Catastrophic Failure !
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Catastrophic Failure !
Once a plant has been classified and all necessary records made, it is
important that no modification to equipment or operating procedures are
made.
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Catastrophic Failure !
Changes can be made but only after discussion with those responsible for
the area classification or a management of change (MOC) is in effect.
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GAS GROUPS
Gases are grouped for mining and surface applications based on the amount
of energy necessary to ignite the most explosive mixture of gas with air.
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Group I
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Group II
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Group III
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Gas Groups
Ignition
Gas Type Temperature
Group Energy
(Representation) Classification
(Approx)
Methane
I ----- 280 μJ
(Firedamp)
II Propane T1 260 μJ
II Ethylene T2 95 μJ
II Hydrogen T1 20 μJ
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Group II is further divided into 3 Sub Divisions.
Ignition
Gas Type Temperature
Group Energy mA
(Representation) Classification
(Approx)
IIB Ethylene T2 95 μJ 45
IIC Hydrogen T1 20 μJ 21
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Gas Groups
Propane
Butadine Hydrogen
Petroleum
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EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
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Explosive Limits
Lower Explosive
LEL Limit
Upper Explosive
UEL
Limit
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Explosive Limits
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Explosive Limits
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Flashpoint (Definition)
Flashpoint is:
‘the minimum temperature at which sufficient vapour is given off from a
liquid, to form a flammable mixture with air that can be ignited by an arc,
spark or naked flame’.
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Flashpoint (Definition)
Hydrogen 4.0 75
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Flashpoint (Definition)
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Ignition Temperature
Hydrogen 560˚C
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Ignition Temperature
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TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION
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Temperature Classification
Ignition Temperature
Typical Gas Temperature Class
Methane 595˚C T1
Ethylene 425˚C T2
Cyclohexane 259˚C T3
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Temperature Classification
Maximum Surface
Temperature Class
Temperature
T1 450°C
T2 300°C
T3 200°C
T4 135°C
T5 100°C
T6 85°C
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Maximum Surface Temperature
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Temperature Classification
Ignition Temperature
Typical Gas
Temperature Class
Butane 372˚C T2
Hydrogen 560˚C T1
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Temperature Classification
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Ambient Temperatures
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The maximum permissible RISE in temperature is 45˚C
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EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVELS
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EPL
Gb Zones 1 and 2
Gc Zone 2
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EPL
If, the risk is considered especially severe, then the required EPL for the
zone may be increased
Normal Low
Zone High Risk
Risk Risk
1 Ga Gb Gc
2 Gb Gc Gc
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CATEGORIES OF EQUIPMENT
Gas Group II is designated for explosive atmospheres relating to the oil and
gas industry, (Surface Industrial Applications)
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Group it has been designed/tested for
Location
Flammable
Group Location Suitable for
Material
Use
Methane
I Below ground Group I
(Firedamp)
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The Categories of Group II equipment
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The Categories of Group equipment
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
Which of the three zones has the highest risk of gas explosion?
Zone 0
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
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Test Yourself
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Training Targets
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Activity
▰ For the fixed-roof storage tank shown,identify the hazardous areas zone
0, zone 1 and zone 2
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Activity
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Activity Define Zone 0
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Activity Define Zone 1
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Activity Define Zone 2
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Thank You