May 6, 2024

Ionic Bonding

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Describe ionic bonding and draw dot and cross diagrams. KEYWORDS: electron, loss,
gain, metal, non-metal,
electrostatic attraction

Starter: Can you draw the following ions in your book.

Nitrogen ion
Aluminum ion
LEARNING OUTCOMES: Beryllium ion

3/4 I can define ionic bonding (3/4)

5/6 I can draw dot and cross diagrams to show transfer of electrons (5/6)
7/8 I can explain in terms of electrons and bonding the formation of ionic compounds (7/8)
Starter Task -

Can you draw the following ions in your book.

Nitrogen ion
Aluminum ion
Beryllium ion

Remember you only need to show the outer shell electrons.

Explain the bonding between chlorine and sodium

 Extension: Why do metals

and non-metals form ions
when they react to form
compounds?
Task:
a. Why is the charge on calcium 2+
b. Explain the need for two chorine
atoms reacting to one calcium
atom.
c. Write the formula for calcium
chloride
d. Challenge: Explain the bonding
between chlorine and calcium
 You have 2 minutes to discuss
with 1 person

In the two examples shown so far, sodium and calcium transferred their
outer electrons to chlorine to form ionic bonds

By studying the substances involved in these two ionic compounds closely,

can you suggest which type of atoms are always involved in ionic bonding
and how this bond actually holds the compound together?
Ionic bonding is a type of bonding that occurs between metal and
non-metal atoms. The metal always transfers its’ outer shell
electrons to the non-metal. As a result, the metal becomes a
positively-charged ion and the non-metal becomes a negatively-
charged ion. The oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to
each other by electrostatic forces which forms the actual ionic
bond.
 What are ionic bonds?

Positive (metal) and negative (Non-metal) ions attract one another and bind together
forming a new substance. This is called ionic bonding. They are held together by a strong
force of electrostatic attraction.
• For example:

-Sodium chloride consists of Na+ ions and Cl- ions bound together.

-Magnesium oxide consists of Mg2+ ions and O2- ions bound together.
Progress Check:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

3/4 I can define ionic bonding (3/4)

5/6 I can draw dot and cross diagrams to show transfer of electrons (5/6)

7/8 I can explain in terms of electrons and bonding the formation of ionic compounds (7/8)
 Ionic bond

• The electrons from the metal atom

go to the non-metal to form an ionic
bond.

• This diagram can be shown in a dot

and cross diagram (hint: popular
question in exams).
 Ionic Bonding
1) Fill in the electron configuration for the atoms.
2) Draw an arrow to show how the electron moves.
3) Draw the new ions and add the charge to the square brackets.
1) MgO
Extra Challenge: Describe, in terms of
2) LiCl electrons and bonding, the formation of
magnesium chloride from magnesium and
chlorine. Include details of electronic
structures, electron transfer and
electrostatic attraction in your answer.

3) Na2O
4) MgF2

5) Challenge: Form the ionic bonds for: AlCl 3 NaF and Li2O.
 Ionic Bonding
1) Fill in the electron configuration for the atoms.
2) Draw an arrow to show how the electron moves.
3) Draw the new ions and add the charge to the square brackets.

1) MgO 2) LiCl

3) Na2O
4) MgF2

5) Challenge: Form the ionic bonds for: AlCl 3 NaF, Al2O3 and Li2O.
Progress Check:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

3/4 I can define ionic bonding (3/4)

5/6 I can draw dot and cross diagrams to show transfer of electrons (5/6)

7/8 I can explain in terms of electrons and bonding the formation of ionic compounds (7/8)
Extra challenge Answer : Mg has two electrons in its outer shell [1]. Cl has seven
electrons in its outer shell [1]. When they react, the Mg atom gives up its outer
electrons and forms an Mg2+ ion [1]. Cl atoms accept one electron each and form Cl -
ions [1]. Because the Mg2+ ions and the Cl- ions are oppositely charged, they are
strongly attracted to each other [1] and this strong electrostatic force of attraction,
known as ionic bonding, holds them together in the ionic compound magnesium chloride
[1].
Progress Check:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

3/4 I can define ionic bonding (3/4)

5/6 I can draw dot and cross diagrams to show transfer of electrons (5/6)

7/8 I can explain in terms of electrons and bonding the formation of ionic compounds (7/8)
Plenary - What is the question?

1. Negative

2. Ionic

3. Negatively charged ion

4. Positively charged ion

5. Electrostatic