Session 1: Review of GAD Concepts

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
A. SEX and GENDER  Culturally and socially dictated
• Masculine or Feminine
 Variable
• Differ in societies
GENDER • Differ at times
“What happens afterwards”
due to social and cultural conditioning

 Given at birth
• Male or Female
 Congenital and biological
SEX  Permanent
• Constant even in different countries
• Constant even in different times
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
“What you were born with”
 Gender is …
• Social roles, characteristics, and
activities attributed or labeled as
feminine and as masculine.

It become
sa
Gender ro
le
• Varies over time, context
• The social expectations people history, social class, etc.
have for someone because the
person is male or female
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 How do we learn gender?

… Through Socialization process

• Socialization as a process by which we learn to become a member of a group: where one

- Is born with
- Internalize these norms
- Acquire status
- Plan corresponding roles

• Gender socialization as a process through which individuals

learn the gender norms in their society and come to develop an
internal gender identity
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Socialization as a process

in
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National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Social Institution that influence a person
in the process of socialization

Mass media

School

State

Family
Larger community
Religion
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
  Social Institutions

• perpetuates the assignment of characteristics

associated with women and men

• influences gender roles socialization

• serves as a mechanism that maintain gender

roles

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Social Norms

• Men as superior, • Women as inferior,

aggressive, submissive,
powerful, powerless,
unemotional, Gender Norms emotional, weak
strong

Gender Role Stereotypes

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
Manifestations of Gender Bias
 These gender role stereotypes or gender-
linked perceptions of …

Individuals Families Institutions

can…develop…evolve…mature into gender-biases and

issues…
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 What are gender-biases and issues?

These are gender-linked beliefs (ideas, attitudes and

behavior), systems, processes, conditions and
situations that BLOCK an individual's (man or
woman) attainment of full potentials (or a
satisfying life)
Success in:
Family (empowered to decide)
As professionals
As government personnel

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender Issue are…

Inequalities, gaps and differences

between women and men

Deterrents to development

Often overlooked in the development

process

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
GENDER ISSUES
1. Multiple burden 3. Gender Stereotyped or gender-link
label

2. Marginalization

4. Subordination

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 5. Violence

 Wife-beating cuts across classes; still not considered a crime

and regarded as a private family matter; cases of rape, incest,
sexual harassment, honor killing, early/child marriages

 Cases of VAWC increased in times of covid 19

pandemic
• Data from PNP shows that in the period of quarantine between
15 March – 2 April, there were 391
cases of violence against women
and 42 cases of rape reported in
the Philippines
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 These gender issues and biases
violates the rights and block the
DEVELOPMENT of women

addressed by

Gender and Development

(GAD)
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 GAD is a development perspective that recognizes that there are
BLOCKS (Gender Biases) to development that prevent people
from attaining their full potentials (as human beings with dignity)

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 GAD enables women and men….
P

Able to do ….
productive work
and have control of and benefit
from the income

Able to be …. knowledgeable,
skilled, confident with abilities
and comfortable with
achievements, independence and
power.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Development
…is full and satisfying life
(rights fulfilled & respected) for
ALL….

…. a life where
one is able
to do
and
to be…
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 WHY GAD ?
 GAD works to remove gender biases in …..individuals, families and
institutions….

 Fairness and equity demands that everyone in society,

whether male or female, has the right to the same opportunities
to achieve a full and satisfying life.

 Not only Women in Development, but also Empowerment of Women

and Girls and Transformation of unequal Gender Relations =>
Gender Equality
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women

18
 We can refrain from being GENDER
BIASED by being GENDER SENSITIVE
Being Gender Sensitive is understanding that this is:
• Not a war of the sexes, Not anti-male
•Both women and men are victims, although women
are affected more than men
•Is a frame of mind and a set of attitude
•The way we approach whatever we do in our
intimate relationships, in our work, in our everyday
transactions with the outside world

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 WHY US ?

We are mandated by international

treaties/commitments, national laws
e.g. RA 9710 and policies

We are custodians of people’s trust

and resources. We have the power, knowledge,
skills and resources to make development work
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
for everybody
 Daghang Salamat

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women